菌渣改良淤泥固化土及其促进黑麦草的生长

针对淤泥固化土板结程度高,养分不足等缺陷,采用菌渣辅以MgSO₄,通过物理掺和的方式改良固化土,用于园林绿化利用。通过对菌渣改良土的物理性状特性和养分含量分析、黑麦草种子发芽实验和盆栽实验,探究了菌渣掺量和粒径对淤泥固化土改良的影响。结果表明:淤泥固化土掺入40 g/kg的5~10 mm菌渣和0.2 g/kg MgSO₄后改良效果最佳,黑麦草株高增加了32.3%,干重提高了126.7%。菌渣的疏松多孔可改善土壤孔隙结构、降低土壤容重、提升土壤保水性;MgSO₄补充了缺失的有效镁和有效硫;菌渣自身的营养物质提升了土壤有机质、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾等养分含量,进而提高土壤保肥能力。菌渣可作为土壤改良剂实现淤泥固化土的低成本改良利用。     

河道淤泥的轻质化处理及其工程性质

基于河道淤泥综合有效利用的目的,利用其高含水的特征,采用气泡混合轻质化技术对河道淤泥进行轻质化处理。通过室内试验的方法,考察和评价了以河道淤泥为原料土的气泡混合轻质土的基本工程性质,包括它的强度特性、变形特性、渗透性及耐久性能等。研究结果显示,经气泡混合轻质化处理的河道淤泥,具备一般填土的强度与刚度特性,其品质与施工性与固化材料的掺入量有密切的关系,固化后的轻质土具有良好的防渗透能力,但在循环干湿作用下易发生品质劣化现象。研究结果可以作为河道淤泥工程应用的基本依据及质量控制指标,同时也为进一步开发研究建立一定的基础。     

围填海对南通淤泥质海岸资源影响的综合评价研究

在系统分析淤泥质海岸围填海开发活动对海岸带资源影响的基础上,重点考虑岸滩冲淤变化特性、岸滩资源利用现状、利用潜力以及泥沙淤积对港口航道造成的资源损失,通过成本型、效益型两大类共16个指标,构建了适合淤泥质海岸资源状况评价的压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型,实现了围填海开发活动对海岸带资源影响的综合评估。利用该模型计算了江苏省南通市沿海的围填海活动对海岸带资源影响的评价系数,计算结果为0.596,表明南通当前的围填海开发活动已经对当地的海岸带资源造成了较大影响,在今后的沿海开发过程中,需要注重海岸带资源的节约与保护。     

Analysis of bacterial community structures in two sewage treatment plants with different sludge properties and treatment performance by nested PCR-DGGE method

The bacterial community structures in two sewage treatment plants with different processes and performance were investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） of nested polymerase chain reaction （nested PCR） amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments with group-specific primers. Samples of raw sewage and treated effluents were amplified using the whole-cell PCR method, and the activated sludge samples were amplified using the extracted genomic DNA before the PCR products were loaded on the same DGGE gel for bacterial community analysis. Ammonia-oxidizing bacterial and actinomycetic community analysis were also carried out to investigate the relationship between specific population structures and system or sludge performance. The two plants demonstrated a similarity in bacterial community structures of raw sewage and activated sludge, but they had different effluent populations. Many dominant bacterial populations of raw sewage did not appear in the activated sludge samples, suggesting that the dominant bacterial populations in raw sewage might not play an important role during wastewater treatment. Although the two plants had different sludge properties in terms of settleability and foam forming ability, they demonstrated similar actinomycetic community structures. For activated sludge with bad settling performance, the treated water presented a similar DGGE pattern with that of activated sludge, indicating the nonselective washout of bacteria from the system. The plant with better ammonium removal efficiency showed higher ammonia-oxidizing bacteria species richness. Analysis of sequencing results showed that the major populations in raw sewage were uncultured bacterium, while in activated sludge the predominant populations were beta proteobacteria.     

Effect of proteins, polysaccharides, and particle sizes on sludge dewaterability

Four batch experiments of hydrolysis and acidification were carried out to investigate the distributions of proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS) in the sludge, the PN/PS ratio, the particle sizes, and their relationship with sludge dewaterability (as determined by capillary suction time, CST). The sludge flocs were stratified through centrifugation- and ultrasound-based method into four fractions: (1) slime, (2) loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS), (3) tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), and (4) pellet. The results showed that PN was mainly partitioned in the pellet (80.7%) and TB-EPS (9.6%) fractions, while PS distributed evenly in the four fractions. During hydrolysis and acidification, PN was transferred from the pellet and TB-EPS fractions to the slime fraction, but PS had no significant transfer trends. The mean particle sizes of the sludge flocs decreased with hydrolysis and acidification. The pH had a more significant influence on the dewaterability of sludge flocs than temperature. Sludge dewaterability during hydrolysis and acidification processes greatly deteriorated from 9.7 s at raw sludge to 340–450 s under alkaline conditions. However, it was just slightly increased under acidic conditions. Further investigation suggested that CST was a ected by soluble PN, soluble PN/PS, and particle sizes of sludge flocs, but was a ected slightly by total PN, PS, or PN/PS in the whole sludge flocs and other fractions (except slime).     

用煤矸石和鼓风炉淤泥制备聚硅酸铁铝混凝剂

研究了以煤矸石和鼓风炉淤泥为原料，在常压条件下制备高效混凝剂凝剂聚硅酸铁铝的方法，确定了合理的生产工艺和操作条件，用该混凝剂处理实际废水，并与聚合硫酸铁的处理效果进行比较，结果表明，出水COD和色度去除率均提高约30%，SS去除率提高约10%，同时探讨了该混凝剂处理废水的反应机理。     

衡阳平湖污染淤泥固化/稳定化技术的应用

淤泥固化/稳定化技术是一种解决大量淤泥处理难题的有效方法,同时也是进行环境疏浚的配套技术.通过在衡阳平湖对2万m3淤泥的固化处理和工程应用实践,探讨了环境疏浚的基本工艺并重点验证固化/稳定化技术对污染淤泥处理的效果.另外,淤泥固化/稳定化技术可以快速稳定淤泥中重金属等污染物,进而用于填筑用土,解决了淤泥的堆放占地和环境...     

Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in a combined A2/O-BAF system with a short aerobic SRT

A bench-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic process-biological aerated filter （A^2/O-BAF） combined system was carded out to treat wastewater with lower C/N and C/P ratios. The A^2/O process was operated in a short aerobic sludge retention time （SRT） for organic pollutants and phosphorus removal, and denitrification. The subsequent BAF process was mainly used for nitrification. The BAF effluent was partially returned to anoxic zone of the A^2/O process to provide electron acceptors for denitrification and anoxic P uptake. This unique system formed an environment for reproducing the denitdfying phosphate-accumulating organisms （DPAOs）. The ratio of DPAOs to phosphorus accumulating organisms （PAOs） could be maintained at 28% by optimizing the organic loads in the anaerobic zone and the nitrate loads into the anoxic zone in the A^2/O process. The aerobic phosphorus over-uptake and discharge of excess activated sludge was the main mechanism of phosphorus removal in the combined system. The aerobic SRT of the A^2/O process should meet the demands for the development of aerobic PAOs and the restraint on the nitrifiers growth, and the contact time in the aerobic zone of the A^2/O process should be longer than 30 min, which ensured efficient phosphorus removal in the combined system. The adequate BAF effluent return rates should be controlled with 1--4 mg/L nitrate nitrogen in the anoxic zone effluent of A^2/O process to achieve the optimal nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies.     

Effect of carbon source and nitrate concentration on denitrifying phosphorus removal by DPB sludge

Effect of added carbon source and nitrate concentration on the denitrifying phosphorus removal by DPB sludge was systematically studied using batch experiments, at the same time the variation of ORP was investigated.Results showed that the denitrifying and phosphorus uptake rate in anoxic phase increased with the high initial anaerobic carbon source addition. However once the initial COD concentration reached a certain level, which was in excess to the PHB saturation of poly-P bacteria, residual COD carried over to anoxic phase inhibited the subsequent denitrifying phosphorus uptake. Simultaneously, phosphate uptake continued until all nitrate was removed, following a slow endogenous release of phosphate. High nitrate concentration in anoxic phase increased the initial denitrffying phosphorus rate. Once the nitrate was exhausted, phosphate uptake changed to release. Moreover, the time of this turning point occurred later with the higher nitrate addition. On the other hand, through on-line monitoring the variation of the ORP with different initial COD concentration, it was found ORP could be used as a control parameter for phosphorus release, but it is impossible to utilize ORP for controlling the denitrificaion and anoxic phosphorus uptake operations.     

五里湖淤泥现状及生态清淤

对五里湖淤泥现状进行了调查，表明影响五里湖水质的主要污染是五里湖湖底的淤泥，目前淤泥平均厚度为0.6m-0.8m，淤泥量约360万t。根据淤泥中有机质，TN和TP水平分布，有机质平均为40.37g/kg，TP平均值为2.61g/kg，TN平均值为1.19g/kg，均超过了太湖和梅梁湖底泥中有机质，TN和TP的平均值，五里湖底泥的有机污染已相当严重。指出淤泥是湖体营养盐和污染物的聚集地和储存仓库，不断向水体释放营养物质和污染物质，淤泥所产生的二次污染已成为五里湖湖水富营养化和藻类爆发的主要原因之一。提出为改善五里湖水质，应采用生态清淤治理五里湖淤泥污染，同时将生态清淤与交通，绿化和生态农业建设有机结合起来，合理利用清出的淤泥，提高生态清淤的综合效益。