江苏:全方位谋划 加强近岸海域污染防治

江苏沿海地区位于苏北沿海平原,黄海之滨,北起赣榆县绣针河口,南抵启东县长江口北岸,西至串场河、通榆公路以东一线,东至海滨滩涂,包括连云港、盐城、南通三市,海岸线长达954千米,领海面积3.2×104平方千米,国土面积3.25×104平方千米,约占全省国土面积的31.6%。2010年区域总人口1893.69万人,占江苏省的24.1%,城市化率52.7%。地区生产总值6834.95亿元,占江苏省的16.7%,人均地区生产总值36093元,相当于江苏省平均水平的69.4%,高出全国平均水平6415.29元。江苏沿海地区区位优势独特,土地后备资源丰富,自然条件复杂,近岸海区潮波系统和潮流特征特殊。发育有广阔的、典型的淤泥质潮滩,及举世瞩目的辐射状海底沙脊群,滩涂面积约占全国滩涂总面积的1/4,且仍在不断淤涨。该区     

Optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology for bioconversion of activated sludge by Penicillium corylophilum

The optimization of process parameters for the bioconversion of activated sludge by Penicillium corylophilum was investigated using response surface methodology （RSM）. The three parameters namely temperature of 33℃, agitation of 150 r/min, and pH of 5 were chosen as center point from the previous study of fungal treatment. The experimental data on chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal （%） were fitted into a quadratic polynomial model using multiple regression analysis. The optimum process conditions were determined by analyzing response surface three-dimensional surface plot and contour plot and by solving the regression model equation with Design Expert software. Box-Behnken design technique under RSM was used to optimize their interactions, which showed that an incubation temperature of 32.5℃, agitation of 105 r/min, and pH of 5.5 were the best conditions. Under these conditions, the maximum predicted yield of COD removal was 98.43%. These optimum conditions were used to evaluate the trail experiment, and the maximum yield of COD removal was recorded as 98.5%.     

Production and application of anaerobic granular sludge produced by landfill

Sludge granulation is considered to be the most critical parameter governing successful operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB)reactors.Pre-granulated seeding sludge could greatly reduce the required start- up time.Two lab-scale and a pilot-scale EGSB reactors were operated to treat Shaoxing Wastewater Treatment Plant(SWWTP) containing wastewater from real engineering printing and dyeing with high pH and sulfate concentration.The microbiological structure and the particle size distribution in aerobic excess sludge,sanitary landfill sludge digested for one year,and the granular sludge of EGSB reactor after 400 d of operation were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieves.The lab-scale EGSB reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge after digestion for one year in landfill showed obviously better total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD)removal efficiency than one seeded with aerobic excess sludge after cation polyacrylamide flocculation-concentration and dehydration.The TCOD removed was 470.8 mg/L in pilot scale EGSB reactor at short hydraulic retention time of 15 h.SEM of sludge granules showed that the microbiological structure of the sludge from different sources showed some differences.SEM demonstrated that Methanobacterium sp.was present in the granules of pilot-scale EGSB and the granular sludge produced by landfill contained a mixture of anaerobic/anoxic organisms in abundance.The particle size distribution in EGSB demonstrated that using anaerobic granular sludge produced by sanitary landfill as the seeding granular sludge was feasible.     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land.A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi.The loamy soil was mixed with 0%,20%,40%,60% and 80%(by weight)of digested sewage sludge(SS)and composted sludge (SC).The additions of the both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions,resulting in that exchangeable(EXCH)and organic matter(OM) became predominance for Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion.There was more available amount for Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments.During the pot experiment,the concentration of Zn in EXCH,carbonate(CAR)and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments,so their bioavailability reduced.Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi.The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments.Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship toΔEXCH andΔCAR forms but also inΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures.Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted byΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time,which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

上海南汇淤泥质潮滩表层沉积物中多环芳烃

运用GC/MS对上海南汇淤泥质潮滩夏秋两个季节表层沉积物中的有机污染物多环芳烃作定性和定量分析。结果表明,该区多环芳烃总浓度最高达0.829μg/g;个别组分已超出检测限达3～7倍,它们在秋季潮滩以及夏季中潮滩其浓度值及在PAHs总量中所占的百分比比重较大,已成为PAHs有机污染物高浓度区。     

堆载吹填淤泥并同步真空预压地基固结解析分析

针对软土地基堆载吹填淤泥并同步真空预压加固技术,考虑吹填淤泥的堆载作用在吹填时线性增长、在同步抽真空预压时指数形非线性衰减的变化过程,考虑地基附加应力沿深度的抛物线形非线性衰减变化、以及竖向排水体施工引起的涂抹效应,基于等应变假设,推导了软土地基在径竖向同时固结时任意点的超孔隙水压力和地基整体平均固结度的显式解析解答。运用该解答对某工程现场试验中软土地基的固结过程进行了计算,通过计算结果与实测结果的对比分析发现,采用所提出的解答,可以得到与实测固结度随时间变化趋势相一致的计算结果,验证了所提出的解答的适用性·同时也发现水平向渗透系数是决定计算结果准确性的关键参数。     

Removal of Cr from tannery sludge by bioleaching method

Bioleaching of Cr（Ⅲ） from tannery sludge using the mixture of ingenuous iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria was investigated in batch flasks. Experiments involved the adaptation of indigenous iron-and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, the pre-acidification the sludge to pH 6.0 and the addition of energy substrates. Results showed the inoculation of mixture of ingenuous iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and co-addition of Fe^2 and elemental sulfur accelerated acid production and increase of oxidation-reduction potential originating from the bio-oxidation of Fe2^＋ and elemental sulfur. Dissolved Cr concentration increased concomitant with pH decreased in the sludge and reached its maximum removal of 95.6%. The amelioration of the odor of bioleached sludge could be noted. However, 20.4%o of N, 24.5% of P and 14.3% of organic matter were lost in the bioleaching process. The residual Cr content in the leached tannery sludge was acceptable for use in agriculture. This study had shown the feasibility of applying the bioleaching process, developed for sewage sludge, to tannery sludge with high Cr.     

高含水率疏浚淤泥混合固化轻质土试验研究

疏浚淤泥EPS颗粒混合轻质土是一种新型的轻质土工材料,具有密度小、强度高等特点,在工程中具有广泛的应用前景。本文对高含水率的白马湖疏浚淤泥进行了室内轻质土配比试验,系统分析了水泥掺量、EPS颗粒掺量以及养护龄期等因素对轻质土的密度及无侧限抗压强度这两个重要参数的影响规律。研究结果表明,轻质土的密度主要由EPS颗粒掺量控制,而水泥掺量和养护龄期对轻质土的密度影响较小;轻质土的强度受水泥掺量、EPS颗粒掺量和养护龄期的影响,其强度随龄期与水泥掺量的变化规律与一般水泥土一致,而强度与EPS颗粒掺量之间存在一个阈值。     

香港维多利亚港疏浚淤泥对海洋底栖动物的毒性累积效应

为了评价香港维多利亚港疏浚淤泥对倾倒海区海洋底栖动物的影响,进行了两种底栖贝类和一种底栖甲壳类的生物毒性累积试验．结果表明,试验底牺贝类结蚶（Tegillarcanodifera）和缢蛏（Sinonovaculaconstricta）暴露在试验淤泥中240h和480h后,随暴露时间的延长,累积率增大．暴露240h后,结蚶对Cu、Cd、Hg、油类和Zn的累积率分别为9％、20％、97％、188％和265％,其中对Zn、Hg和油类累积效应明显．缢蛏则主要累积Hg和油类,对Cu和Pb的累积作用相对较弱,而对Zn无明显累积作用．暴露240h后,缢蛏对Pb、Cu、Hg和油类的累积率分别为0％、10％、60％和76％;暴露480h后,继蛏对Hg和油类的累积率分别增大到155％和171％,同时对Pb累积率也达到53％,而对Cu的累积效应增大不明显,累积率仅为15％．试验底栖甲壳类远海梭子蟹（Portunuspelagicus）则主要富集淤泥中的Zn、Pb和油类,其累积率分别为40％、100％和205％,对Cu、Cd和Hg累积效应不明显．     

疏浚淤泥的固化处理技术与资源化利用

阐述了疏浚淤泥的工程特性及其资源化利用的可行途径,着重介绍了目前国内外常用的淤泥固化处理方法(即物理脱水固结、高温烧结和化学固化)及各自存在的优缺点和在工程中的具体应用,并提出应因地制宜地采取经济、合理的固化处理与资源化利用技术处置疏浚淤泥的有效途径。