太湖淤泥烧结砖的制备及其性能

以太湖淤泥和粉煤灰为原料,干燥后混合加湿搅拌,压制成40 mm×40 mm×40 mm的试样,经干燥后放入电阻炉中焙烧,测试分析了不同粉煤灰掺量和焙烧温度下淤泥烧结砖的吸水率、抗压强度、腐蚀性及重金属浸出等性能。结果表明:增加粉煤灰掺量,砖体吸水率增大,抗压强度降低;当粉煤灰掺量30%、烧结温度950℃时,淤泥烧结砖强度可达到13.6 MPa,满足国家承重墙(MU10)使用标准。砖体浸出液微偏碱性,但不具有腐蚀性,高温焙烧可使淤泥中重金属得到有效固化。     

Nitrogen removal from sludge dewatering effluent through anaerobic ammonia oxidation process

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation（Anammox） process is a novel and promising wastewater nitrogen removal process. The feasibility of transition of Anammox from denitrification and the performance of lab-scale Anammox biofilm reactor were investigated with sludge dewatering effluent. The results showed that Anammox process could be successfully started up after cultivation of denitrification biofilm and using it as inoculum. The transition of Anammox from denitrification was accomplished within 85 d. Anammox process was found suitable to remove ammonia from sludge dewatering effluent. The effluent ammonia concentration was detected to be 23.11 mgN/L at HRT of 28 h when influent ammonia concentration was fed 245 mgN/L, which was less than that for the national discharge standard Ⅱ （25 rngN/L） of China. Volumetric total nitrogen loading rate was up to 584.99 mg TN/（L. d） at HRT of 17 h, while influent concentrations were kept 243.25 mg NH4＊ -N/L and 288.31 mg NO2^- -N/L.     

南京新近沉积淤泥质土震陷特性试验研究

震陷是地基基础的主要震害之一。目前已建立了若干经验公式来估算土的永久应变势,但是已有的经验公式参数较多,需要做大量的试验才能确定这些参数。本文通过英国WFI振动三轴仪对南京新近沉积淤泥质土做了一系列的震陷试验,得到了不同围压、固结比和轴向动应力下的试验结果。分析发现,对不同围压和固结比,基于最大往返剪切作用面的概念,在双对数坐标系中轴向动应力与循环振动次数的关系可通过最大往返剪切作用面上的动剪应力比实现归一化,即仅做一个围压和固结比的试验即可得到土的全部震陷参数;结合前人提出的永久应变势经验公式,推出计算南京新近沉积淤泥质土的简化经验公式,其结果能较好地模拟土的震陷特性,在永久应变达到4%时,该土的永久应变急剧增长。     

从武汉印染厂废水淤泥中分离出的趋磁细菌的生长与磁小体形成过程

对从武汉印染厂污泥中分离出的趋磁细菌YN-1,分别进行了5 d,10 d,20 d,25 d和30 d的纯培养与透射电镜的观察,并对30 d释放出的磁小体进行了能谱分析.结果表明:培养5 d的趋磁细菌,其体内的细胞质相对均匀,可见到铁质在细胞内输送的痕迹.随后细胞质变为不均匀,菌体内泡状物和磁小体增多;20 d后菌体膜出现自溶,可见磁小体从破裂的菌膜排出体外的现象,25 d后可见到具有鞭毛、细胞质分布均匀的“营养体”.培养30 d,菌膜基本自溶,除见有营养体外,残存大量的细胞膜碎片和磁小体,对它们的能谱分析显示,磁小体的主要无机成分为Fe.由此判断,25 d可能为该菌在培养条件下的趋磁细菌生长与磁小体形成周期.图3表1参15     

离子型土壤固化剂改性淤泥排水固结试验研究

通过自主研制的真空预压与堆载预压模拟试验装置，对原状淤泥土样品与不同浓度离子型土壤固化剂(ISS)改性淤泥土样品开展了排水固结模拟试验，结合改性前后淤泥土样品的阳离子交换量、塑性指数和渗透系数变化数据，探讨了ISS改性淤泥加速排水固结过程的机理。试验结果表明：与原状淤泥土样品相比，经ISS改性后淤泥土样品的排水固结速度加快64.7%,最终固结沉降量增大13.4%,阳离子交换量降低66%,塑性指数下降38%,渗透系数提高2个数量级；ISS改性淤泥加速排水固结过程的机理包括两个方面，一是ISS的作用使土颗粒表面结合水量降低，黏滞性水膜减薄，转换为更容易排出土体的毛细水及自由水；二是土颗粒表面结合水膜减薄使大部分封闭的无效孔隙开放连通，成为有效的渗流通道，显著提高了土体的渗透性。     

成都市河道表层沉积物(淤泥)铅污染特征

文章分析了成都市河道(沙河、府河、南河)表层沉积物淤泥铅含量特及铅同位素丰度比的测定数据,结果表明铅含量变化范围是21.1~279 mg/kg,平均值为65.3 mg/kg,中值55.2 mg/kg,统计标准差65.03,变异系数为0.996,说明河道表层沉积物含量变化大。端元物质的铅同位素组成特征是燃煤的放射成因铅高于燃油,可以示踪和鉴别成都市环境铅的污染来源。三河淤泥铅同位素组成均大多落在崔家店热电厂降尘和华能热电厂燃煤飞灰的范围,沙河、府河有少数几个样品点落在燃煤铅(崔家店热电厂燃煤降尘)和柴油铅之间,其铅的来源可能是两者的混合。     

Purification of total DNA extracted from activated sludge

Purification of the total DNA extracted from activated sludge samples was studied. The effects of extraction buffers and lysis treatments (lysozyme, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sonication, mechanical mill and thermal shock) on yield and purity of the total DNA extracted from activated sludge were investigated. It was found that SDS and mechanical mill were the most effective ways for cell lysis, and both gave the highest DNA yields, while by SDS and thermal shock, the purest DNA extract could be obtained. The combination of SDS with other lysis treatment, such as sonication and thermal shock, could apparently increase the DNA yields but also result in severe shearing. For the purification of the crude DNA extract, polyvinyl polypyrrolidone was used for the removal of humic contaminants. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, potassium acetate and phenol/chloroform were used to remove proteins and polysaccharides from crude DNA. Crude DNA was further purified by isopropanol precipitation. Thus, a suitable protocol was proposed for DNA extraction, yielding about 49.9 mg (total DNA)/g volatile suspended solids, and the DNA extracts were successfully used in PCR amplifications for 16S rDNA and 16S rDNA V3 region. The PCR products of 16S rDNA V3 region allowed the DGGE analysis (denatured gradient gel electrophoresis) to be possible.     

包头市试验区土壤、粉煤灰、水库淤泥、污水沉淀物物性特征研究

本研究主要试验地区是内蒙古包头市,选择典型退化土壤(80%为栗钙土)作为试验区,通过系统分析测定退化土壤、"三种废弃物"的各项理化特性,进一步对"三种废弃物"改良退化土壤的效果及改良机理作探索性跟踪研究,进一步丰富了"三种废弃物"影响土壤生态特性的理论研究成果,并为退化土壤修复提供实践经验。     

Changes of Cu, Zn, and Cd speciation in sewage sludge during composting

The potential toxicity risks from heavy metals depend on their chemical speciation. The four stages of the Tessier sequential extraction method were employed to investigate changes in heavy metal speciation （Cu, Zn, and Cd） of sewage sludge during forced aeration composting, and then to identify whether the composting process would reduce or enhance their toxicities. Throughout the composting process, the exchangeable, carbonate-bound, Fe-Mn oxide-bound, and organic matter-bound fractions of Cu were converted to the residual Cu fraction. The organic matter-bound Cu fraction greatly contributed to this transformation. Residual Zn fraction was transformed to the Fe-Mn oxide-bound and organic matter-bound fractions after composting. The residual Zn fraction was a major contributor to the organic matter-bound Zn fraction. The availability of Cu and Zn was reduced by composting such that the risk of heavy metal toxicity decreased with prolonged treatment times. Additionally, attention should be paid to the increased availability of Cd in sewage sludge after composting treatment.     

盘锦淤泥岸海域水质状况分析

根据盘锦淤泥岸海域的特性，对水质状况进行分析，采用环境污染置信水平排序法与内梅罗法相综合的方法进行评价，找出了污染原因，提出了对策，建议在加强治理和管理的同时，针对淤泥岸位于河口地区的特性在海域达标问题上进行探讨和研究。