蜡状芽孢杆菌45号固定化细胞脱除酸性红B的研究

研究并比较了蜡状芽孢杆菌45号自然细胞和固定化细胞的某些性质。结果表明,该菌株的两种细胞脱色反应的最适温度均为37℃,热稳定性良好。在50ppm的酸性红B溶液中经37℃保温处理后,两种细胞的脱色酶活性有明显提高。其脱色反应的最适pH值分别为7—10和5—10。固定化细胞在4—6℃的冰箱中保存52天,脱色酶的活性不变。应用固定化细胞连续处理酸性红B溶液,当进水浓度为42.1ppm时,出水平均脱色率可达87％。     

黄孢原毛平革菌P450对难降解有机物降解的研究现状

难降解有机物由于具有极大的环境危害,已成为环境保护的一大难题.其降解的主要研究方向是依靠微生物的降解功能.黄孢原毛平革菌(P.C.菌)是研究异源物质代谢最广泛的白腐真菌.目前的研究主要集中在胞外木质过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶,而对胞内细胞色素P450降解功能的研究还很少.     

油菜秸秆厌氧消化产沼气特性研究

该研究以探索油菜秸秆厌氧消化产甲烷潜力为目的,利用一组高效纤维素分解产甲烷菌群在CSTR厌氧反应器内分解定量油菜秸秆41 d,通过监测厌氧发酵过程中的甲烷生产效率,以及纤维素酶活性等指标,评价油菜秸秆厌氧发酵产甲烷的能力。结果表明:油菜秸秆在发酵菌群的作用下能够大量产生沼气,50 g干秸秆厌氧发酵后总产气量为13 200 m L,产气效率达到264 m L/g。在发酵过程中,秸秆纤维素被有效分解,纤维素酶活性和半纤维素酶活性分别达0.63、0.81 U/m L。纤维素酶活性与沼气产量具有良好的相关性,相关性系数达到0.95,表明秸秆纤维素类厌氧发酵产沼气体系内,具有良好纤维素酶活性的菌群对甲烷生产具有重要的意义。     

石油烃、Cu2+对沙蚕的毒性效应及对其抗氧化酶系统的影响

在实验室模拟条件下,研究了石油烃和不同浓度的Cu²⁺对沙蚕(Nereis diversicolor)种群的毒性效应及对其抗氧化酶系统活性的影响.结果表明:石油烃和Cu²⁺对沙蚕均表现出较强的毒性,暴露3d后,其LD₅₀值分别为117.5μL·L^-1和864.0μg·L^-1.Cu²⁺单因子污染暴露5d后,沙蚕体内过氧化物酶(POD)的活性受到显著影响,表现出先受到抑制后缓慢增加的趋势,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性也发生显著变化,其变化趋势为先被诱导而后抑制.石油烃以其约为半致死剂量水平单因子暴露5d后,POD的活性并未被显著诱导,SOD的活性则低于对照组.在石油烃与Cu²⁺复合污染的条件下,暴露5d后沙蚕体内POD和SOD活性表现出相同的变化趋势,即先下降后上升.通过比较,还发现沙蚕体内SOD的活性变化更能灵敏地反映出污染物对沙蚕的毒性作用.     

洱海流域稻油轮作农田土壤水解酶活性特征

土壤酶是驱动土壤碳氮素转化的重要生物因素。该研究在滇西洱海流域油菜-水稻水旱轮作农田设置5个处理(1个不施肥对照,1个施化肥对照,3个有机物料配施化肥处理)的长期定位试验,考察土壤碳氮水解酶活性特征及有机碳源物料施用条件下土壤碳氮水解酶活性动态变化特征,结合Pearson相关性分析和RDA冗余分析,解析土壤酶活性对有机碳输入的响应特征。结果表明,单施化肥处理对β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(GC)活性的影响不显著(P≥0.05),但显著提高β-1,4-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)活性(P<0.05);有机碳源物料配施化肥各处理则均显著提高2种土壤碳氮水解酶活性(P<0.05)。GC酶和NAG酶的活性与土壤有机质(OM)和全氮(TN)含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);土壤GC和NAG酶活性均与土壤碳氮比(C/N)极显著正相关(P<0.01);土壤OM和TN对碳氮水解酶活性影响的解释度最高。基于酶活性和土壤养分及碳氮比关系分析,需要施用适宜C/N的有机碳源配施氮肥,通过调控GC酶和NAG酶活性,提高土壤碳氮转化速率,从而维持土壤C/N在适宜范围。     

缙云山森林植被类型对土壤产N2O相关功能微生物的影响

为明确亚热带不同森林植被对土壤涉氮功能基因(amoA、nirS、nosZ)微生物群落和功能的影响,以缙云山5种森林植被类型(针叶林、阔叶林、针-阔混交林、竹林以及荒草地)土壤为研究对象,采用末端限制性片段长度多态性分析(terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis,T-RFLP)和荧光定量PCR(qPCR)等分子技术,结合与氮素循环相关的微生物酶活,研究不同森林植被土壤涉氮微生物丰度、群落结构及其功能的差异.结果表明:①缙云山国家自然保护区土壤反硝化酶活显著高于硝化势,且针叶林土壤2种酶活均显著低于其他植被类型(P0.05).此外,可溶性有机碳、土壤含水量和总氮是影响酶活的主要环境因子.②qPCR结果显示,竹林土壤涉氮功能微生物的丰度最高,而针叶林土壤最低. 3个涉氮功能微生物的丰度均与可溶性有机碳、总氮、有效氮、总钾以及有效钾显著相关(P0.01).③基于T-RFLP数据,阔叶林土壤涉氮微生物α-多样性指数最高,而竹林最低.主坐标分析(principal co-ordinates analysis,PCoA)显示:在不同植被间,氨氧化古菌群落结构表现出显著差异,针叶林土壤涉氮功能微生物群落结构最独特.此外,基于距离的冗余分析(distance-based redundancy analysis,db-RDA)表明:涉氮功能微生物群落结构主要受可溶性有机碳(P0.001)、有效氮(P0.002)和土壤含水量(P0.001)调控.④土壤反硝化酶活主要受nirS反硝化菌与氨氧化古菌的丰度和涉氮功能微生物的群落结构的影响;而硝化势主要受氨氧化古菌的丰度影响.由上可知,亚热带森林植被显著影响土壤涉氮功能微生物的丰度和群落结构,进而改变其调控土壤的氮素循环的功能.可为我国亚热带森林土壤微生物与N_2O释放的耦合机制提供基础数据.     

Responses of antioxidant enzyme and photosynthesis in rape seedling to the combined stresses from simulated acid rain and elevated ultraviolet-B radiation

Effects of the simulated acid rain（AR） and ultraviolet-B（UV-B, 280-320 nm） radiation with a single or two ways simultaneously （AR ＋ UV-B） on the antioxidant enzyme and photosynthesis of the rape seedlings were investigated by the hydroponic culture. The results of static experiment indicated that the tolerance of rape seedling to single stress（AR or UV-B） is stronger than that to dual stresses（AR ＋ UV-B）. Furthermore, the dual stresses had additive effect on catalase activity, and a synergistic effect on MDA content, net photosynthesis rate, water use efficiency as well as intercellular CO2 concentration. Meanwhile, it has an independent effect on chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate as well as membrane permeability. During 64 h restoration course, the dynamic change in the curves of physiological and biochemical indices were not identical, and none of them show a simple linear variation. According to the static and dynamic experiments, it was found that a responsive sequence of catalase activity, membrane permeability, MDA content and photosynthetic characteristics to the above-mentioned stresses was as follows： AR ＋ UV-B 〉 UV-B 〉 AR.     

Response of antioxidase in viscera of Pagrosuma major larvae to water soluble fraction of hydrocarbons in No.0 diesel oil

Pagrosomus major larvae were to the water-soluble fraction of hydrocarbon in No.0 diesel oil(corresponding to No.2 fuel oil) at concentration of 0,0.17,1.22 and 8.82mg/L for up to 15 days.Larvae were sampled on days 9 and 15 of the experiment.Supernatants of viscera tissue extractions were assayed for biochemical response in terms of oxidative stress-superoxide dismutase(SOD),activity of selenium-dependant glutathione peroxidase(Se-GPx) and catalase(Ca),and the concentration of reduced glutathione(CSH).On day 9 of exposure ,statistically significant dose-related increases in Se-GPx and SOD activity,and GSH concentration were observed in all cases except for Se-GPx activity under the highest dosage of hydrocarbon.However,on day 15 of exposure, a similar dose-related in all cases except for Se-GPx activity under the highest dosage of hydrocarbon.However,on day 15 of exposure, a similar dose-related response was only observed for Se-GPx activity.GSH concentration decreased and SOD activity showed no statistical difference as compared to controls.However, a significant decrease in compared to day 9 Se-GPx activity and GSH concentration, in contrast to increase SOD activity at day 15 as indicates an accelerated accumulation of H2O2 and potential oxidative damage under long term exposure of larvae to hydrocarbons.No statistical changes were observed in Ca activity throughout the experiment, possibly owing to the high efficiency of Se-GPx.A recovery experiment was performed on indicating that the response of antioxidants measured tending to returm to return to their control levels.These results prove the function of the antioxidant defense system of the larvae to the water-soluble fraction of hydrocarbons in No.0 diesel oil.     

氮、磷、铁、锌对铜绿微囊藻生长及产毒的影响

为探讨氮、磷、铁、锌对铜绿微囊藻生长及产毒的影响，以HGZ为基础培养基，调整氮、磷、铁、锌的浓度，于无菌条件下对两种藻株进行培养，定期取培养液进行细胞计数及用ELISA方法测定微囊藻毒素的含量。结果表明，浓度的改变没有引起无毒株产生毒素，也没有改变产毒株的产毒特性。高浓度的氮(1.6～245.1mg/L)有利于两藻株的生长及产毒株的毒素合成，而对磷、铁、锌的需求量较低。当磷的浓度低于1.4mg/L时，无毒株随其浓度增加而生长加快，但浓度超过此范围，则变化不大。产毒株的生长和产毒对磷盐的浓度变化不敏感，过高浓度的磷(62.1mg/L)可抑制其生长。两藻株的生长对铁、锌浓度的变化也不敏感，但产毒株的毒素合成却随铁离子浓度升高而缓慢上升。在氮、磷、锌3个单因素研究中，培养液中藻细胞的数量与总毒素含量均呈正相关(P＜0.05)，而铁未呈相关关系。     

无结核分文杆菌对医院供水影响的研究

在半年的时间里,对五所主要医院饮用水供水系统进行检测,发现64个供水点的水样中10份水样含有无结核分支杆菌,其含量范围5～205CFU/L,通过PCR-限制酶分析法完成.主要分离物为龟分支杆菌(3),戈登氏分支杆菌(2),转黄分支杆菌(1)及土分支杆菌(1).有一个菌种无法辨别,还有两个在接种过程中遗失.所有被测水样在粪指示剂下均呈阴性.本次研究证明:对于医院某些特定机构,无结核分支杆菌对供水是有影响的,同时,无结核分支杆菌的阶段性测定是有价值的.