Partitioning of water soluble organic carbon in three sediment size fractions： Effect of the humic substances

Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in sediments plays an important role in transference and transformation of aquatic pollutants. This article investigated the inherent mechanisms of how sediemnt grain size affect the partitioning coeffcient (k) of WSOC. Influences of NaOH extracted humic substances were particularly focused on. Sediments were sampled from two cross-sections of the middle Yellow River and sieved into three size fractions (< 63 μm, 63-100 μm, and 100--300 μm). The total concentration of WSOC in sediments (CWSOC) and k were estimated using multiple water-sediment ratio experiments. Results show that CWSOC ranges from 0.012 to 0.022 mg/g, while k ranges from 0.8 to 3.9 L/kg. Correlations between the spectrum characteristics of NaOH extracted humic substances and k were analyzed. Strong positive correlations are determined between k and the aromaticity indicators of NaOH extracted humic substances in different sediment size fractions. Comparing with finer fractions (< 63 μm), k is higher in larger size fractions (63--100 and 100--300 μm) related to higher aromaticity degree of NaOH extracted humic substances mostly. While negative relationship between k and the area ratio of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) at 3400 and 1430 cm-1 implied that the lowest k was related to the highest concentration of the acidic humic groups in particles < 63 μm. WSOC in finer fractions (< 63 μm) is likely to enter into pore water, which may further accelerate the transportation of aquatic contaminants from sediment to water.     

松花蛋别放冰箱里

在日常生活中我们常把松花蛋放到冰箱中保存，甚至冷冻起来，以为这样可以长期储存不变质。实际恰恰相反，松花蛋是碱性物质凝成的胶状体，含水分7％左右，经冷冻后。水分会逐渐结冰。将松花蛋拿来吃时．冰会逐渐融化，其胶状体就变成蜂窝状，不仅改变了松花蛋原有的风味、降低了食用价值．而且低温会使松花蛋色泽变黄，并变成变硬。     

道化学火灾、爆炸危险指数分析法在油库安全监管中的应用

<正>用道化学火灾、爆炸危险指数分析法对油库石脑油储罐进行风险分析,得出对其采取安全措施补偿前后的火灾、爆炸指数(F&EI),以及暴露半径和面积、危害系数、危险等级等指数,为安全监管提供理论依据,找准安全隐患位置和关键点,以便采取有效的安全防护措施。道化学(DOW)火灾、爆炸危险指数分析法是依据以往所发生事故的统计资料、物质的潜在能量和现行安全防灾措施的状况,按逐步推算的方法,对工艺装置及所含物料     

温度对烃类物质爆炸极限的影响及其预测模型研究

为研究温度对烃类气体爆炸极限的影响,利用爆炸极限测试仪对C1-C4烃类气体在20℃、60℃、100℃、140℃等初始温度条件下的爆炸极限进行了测试。结果表明:C1-C4烃类气体的爆炸下限在20-140℃范围内与温度呈线性关系,同一系列烃类物质,随着碳原子数的增加,同一温度下所对应的爆炸下限数值依次降低;对于相同碳原子数的烃类物质,相同温度下烷烃的爆炸下限数值高于烯烃的爆炸下限数值。此外,建立了高温条件下烃类物质爆炸极限的预测模型,为烃类物质爆炸极限的预测提供了一种方法。     

工业企业事故性泄漏扩散模型

对工业企业的泄漏扩散模型的国内外研究情况进行了调查研究,在对各模型优缺点分析的基础上,针对目前工业企业的事故后果模拟评价中所采用泄漏扩散模型存在的问题和不足,提出应用PG扩散模型研究物质泄漏的扩散模式,结合某企业的物质扩散算例说明该模型的实际应用,为工业企业的事故后果模拟评价以及重大事故应急预案的编制提供了一定的参考.     

生产型企业基于安全系统工程设备安全管理分析

设备是经济发展的重要物质技术基础,随着世界技术的迅猛发展,设备的更新速度加快,技术与资金密集的复杂设备比重不断加大.设备越复杂,故障率就越高.由设备隐患产生的安全事故常年居高不下,鉴于此,对设备的安全管理也提出了更高的要求.     

保健场所火灾隐患及防范对策——以桑拿、足按场所为例

近年来，随着改革开放的不断深入和人民物质文化生活水平的不断提高，作为人们消费和健身、休闲的桑拿、足按休闲保健中心等公共娱乐场所象雨后春笋般快速发展。这些场所在给人们带来身心享乐的同时。也给消防安全带来了较大的火灾危险。[编者按]     

天灾还是人祸？

一般来说,泥石流的产生有三个条件:一是要有适当的沟谷地形;二是要有大量的松散固体物质;三是要有强暴雨或长时间暴雨。因此,按照一般规律,泥石流的高发季节应当是在夏秋季。但为何此次菲律宾会在春季发生如此剧烈的泥石流灾害呢?受灾的直接原因,便是当地的降雨量激增。今年的1月及2月,其降雨量竟是正常年份的300倍。导致此种情况出现的     

Combination of biodiesel-ethanol-diesel fuel blend and SCR catalyst assembly to reduce emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine

In this study, the efforts to reduce NOx and particulate matter （PM） emissions from a diesel engine using both ethanol-selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NOx over an Ag/Al2O3 catalyst and a biodiesel-ethanol-diesel fuel blend （BE-diesel） on an engine bench test are discussed. Compared with diesel fuel, use of BE-diesel increased PM emissions by 14% due to the increase in the soluble organic fraction （SOF） of PM, but it greatly reduced the Bosch smoke number by 60%-80% according to the results from 13-mode test of European Stationary Cycle （ESC） test. The SCR catalyst was effective in NOx reduction by ethanol, and the NOx conversion was approximately 73%. Total hydrocarbons （THC） and CO emissions increased significantly during the SCR of NOx process. Two diesel oxidation catalyst （DOC） assemblies were used after Ag/Al2O3 converter to remove CO and HC. Different oxidation catalyst showed opposite effect on PM emission. The PM composition analysis revealed that the net effect of oxidation catalyst on total PM was an integrative effect on SOF reduction and sulfate formation of PM. The engine bench test results indicated that the combination of BE-diesel and a SCR catalyst assembly could provide benefits for NOx and PM emissions control even without using diesel particle filters （DPFs）.     

聚糖菌颗粒污泥的有机物吸收及胞内储存特性

采用特殊运行方式的厌氧-好氧SBR系统(厌氧后排水),在乙酸钠、葡萄糖及葡萄糖-乙酸钠混合基质条件下均培养出了稳定的聚糖菌颗粒污泥.通过对典型周期有机物、磷酸盐、胞内糖原及聚β-羟基丁酸(PHB)变化的测定分析,证明有机基质的种类对于聚糖菌能量利用模式、有机物吸收速率及胞内储存物质种类具有显著的影响.污泥初始胞内糖原水平是有机物吸收数量及吸收速率的关键影响因素,当糖原水平低于0.05g/gSS时,厌氧有机物去除率与糖原水平直接相关:而糖原水平高于0.05g/gSS时,厌氧有机物去除率趋于稳定.不同糖原水平污泥厌氧吸收有机物的速率具有明显差异,在厌氧初期有机物快速吸收阶段,有机物厌氧吸收速率随胞内糖原水平升高而增加.