转基因动物的权利

为动物解放和动物权利提供哲学及伦理学的依据一直是西方哲学家们关注的一个问题。关于道德能在多大程度上推广到非人类的讨论，在近代早期，是围绕动物活体解剖实验问题的讨论而展开的。洛克认为，动物能够感受痛苦因而能被伤害，对动物的这种伤害在道德上是错误的。但是，这种错误不是源于动物的天赋权利，而是源于对动物的残忍给人带来的影响。     

大多数人都是物种歧视者

大多数人都是物种歧视者,不忌杀害其他动物,却不会愿意杀害人类. 有一种看法,认为杀害无辜之人类生命在任何情况之下都是错的,我们先来检讨这种看法.     

互花米草对持续淹水胁迫的生理响应

对互花米草进行了40cm水深的持续淹水胁迫,研究了其生理指标的响应.结果显示,淹水胁迫下,互花米草叶片中可溶性糖含量和叶绿索含量在初期均显著低于对照,随后逐渐积累并高于对照.丙二醛含量在初期显著高于对照,随后与对照组的差异逐渐减小,至生长季末与对照水平相当.过氧化物酶活性在淹水后63d内均高于对照,至生长季末则低于对照,而超氧化物歧化酶活性则始终高于对照.至生长季末,持续淹水胁迫条件下的互花米草生物量低于对照,其形态学上表现为植株矮小、根系变短、节长变短、地下部分所占生物量比重降低.研究结果表明,持续淹水胁迫对互花米草的生理指标产生影响,但互花米草可以通过生理和形态学的响应来适应这种胁迫,因此,必须进一步结合其它物理控制措施进行综合治理.     

水溶液中嗪草酮的光化学行为研究

以氙灯为光源模拟太阳光,研究了农药嗪草酮(MT)在水溶液中的光降解;探讨了pH值以及天然水体中广泛存在的光敏荆腐殖酸、硝酸根和Fe3+等对嗪草酮间接光解的影响;测量了嗪草酮量子产率及其与活性氧类物种(ROS)·OH和1O2的反应速率常数.结果表明,在pH值3.5-9.5范围内,嗪草酮直接光降解速率随pH值升高而降低.pH=7时,腐殖酸具有光屏蔽作用而抑制嗪草酮光降解,硝酸根和Fe3+对嗪草酮间接光降解基本没有作用.嗪草酮与1O2反应速率常数为0 mol-1·L·s-1,与·OH反应速率常数为5.7×109mol-1Ls-1.在天然水体中嗪草酮与·OH反应最小半衰期为68 h,远远大于北纬40.(40°N)下直接光解半衰期.以上研究结果表明,嗪草酮直接光解占主导作用,其量子产率为0.01.预测在40°N春、夏、秋、冬时嗪草酮直接光解半衰期分别为1.44、1.08、2.58和5.10h,室外太阳光照实验结果显示,在40°N秋季嗪草酮的半衰期为2.98 h,与理论预测值接近.     

应用物种敏感性分布评估DDT和林丹对淡水生物的生态风险

介绍了利用物种敏感性分布（SSD）进行生态风险评价的原理与步骤,构建了淡水生物对DDT和林丹的物种敏感性分布.在此基础上,计算了DDT和林丹对不同类别生物的HC5(Hazardous Concentration for 5% the species)阈值,预测了不同浓度DDT和林丹对生物可能造成的危害,并比较了不同类别生物对DDT和林丹的敏感性,以及DDT和林丹对淡水生物的生态风险.结果表明,DDT和林丹对淡水生物的HC5值分别为1.70μg·L-1和5.96μg·L-1 ,DDT对生态系统的危害大于林丹.当DDT或林丹的浓度为5μg·L-1时,对生态系统仅有轻微影响,而当DDT或林丹的浓度为500μg·L-1时,将有81.5%的物种受到DDT的危害,或有68.1%的物种受到林丹的危害.不同类别生物对DDT的敏感性从甲壳类、昆虫和蜘蛛类到鱼类依次降低,对林丹的敏感性大小依次为昆虫和蜘蛛类、甲壳类、鱼类.与林丹相比,DDT对淡水脊椎动物与无脊椎动物以及甲壳类和鱼类的生态风险较大,而对昆虫和蜘蛛类,林丹与DDT的生态风险差别不大.     

Methane dehydroaromatization over Mo-modified H-MFI for gas to liquid catalysts

For direct gas to liquid (GTL),a novel process producing energy sources for methane dehydroaromatization is needed.Supporting MoO3 on H-MFI zeolite shows the high catalytic capacity and a selective activity for dehydroaromatization of methane to benzene at 973 K in a fixed bed reactor.On the other hand,deactivation by coke on the active sites in all the catalysts is formed during the reaction.H2 co-feed suppressed the deactivation,which is probably due to the decrease in coking amount.Mo K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) results showed the formation of dispersed Mo2C species with low crystallinity after dehydroaromatization.Mo L-edge XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) indicated the formation of active Mo species including Mo2C and Mo-oxycarbide (MoOxCy),where the red-ox state should be independent in the absence/presence of H2.It is concluded that Mo-oxycarbide species act as highly active species,and their stability affected the durable activity in the presence of H2.     

铁电极耦合过硫酸盐处理偏二甲肼废水

随着中国航天工业的不断崛起,航天燃料偏二甲肼所伴生而来的环境影响也更为凸出。为降低推进剂所带来的环境危害,尝试用Fe电极耦合Na₂S₂O₈工艺来提高偏二甲肼废水的去除效率。首先,通过单因素试验研究了对偏二甲肼去除效率影响较大的Na₂S₂O₈与偏二甲肼物质的量之比、溶液初始酸碱度、电流强度及初始偏二甲肼浓度,获得了优化的工艺条件：Na₂S₂O₈与偏二甲肼物质的量之比为1.5、初始pH=7、无外加电流,此时15 min内偏二甲肼的降解率达到98.9%。随后,在最佳工艺条件下使用甲醇和对苯醌进行了自由基捕获试验,结果表明：Fe电极耦合过硫酸盐降解偏二甲肼体系中的主导活性自由基为OH和SO₄^·-。铁电极耦合过硫酸盐工艺为航天发射中心推进剂废水的现场处置提供了有益探索。     

Dynamic characteristics of woody plant regeneration in karst secondary forests in central Guizhou北大核心CSCD

Based on community data (2012, 2020) of the Tianlong Mountain evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest plot in central Guizhou, China, the species composition, importance value index, diversity, and dynamic changes were estimated to explore the renewal and change characteristics of karst secondary forests. The results showed that: (1) the number of individual species in the investigated two hm2 plot encompassing 33 families and 55 genera, totaling 69 species decreased from 10 276 to 7837. Five families, 10 genera, and 18 species were newly added, while seven families, nine genera, and 11 species disappeared. The difference between the importance value indices of the species was obvious; that of Lithocarpus confinis (20.97–23.26) was much higher than that of other species. Except for some species, the overall inter-annual differences were not large, and the status of mesophytic and shaded species has increased. Life forms were dominated by small trees and shrubs or small trees, and the plant number density of different life forms is reduced. (2) The Margalef and Shannon-Wiener indices of shrubs were the largest, and the Pielou indices of shrubs or small trees were the largest. The composition of most life forms has increased; the diversity became richer; and the uniform distribution of individual species has increased, but the change was small. (3) With respect to the spatial distribution pattern, the species were generally clustered, and only a few were randomly distributed. The Cx, I, m*, CA, and G indices of the species were reduced, and those of some species were quite different. A tendency for aggregated distribution was observed over random distribution, but the aggregation degree of Lithocarpus sphaerocephala was still high. The PAI index of most species increased but was not obvious, whereas the K value changed irregularly. Overall, the species composition, importance value index, diversity, and spatial distribution pattern of the main species in this community have changed to some extent but without any significant fluctuations. L. sphaerocephala was still the dominant species in succession, and the species composition of the flora was stable. The restoration of vegetation and the development of the entire community are slow. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

认识我们身边的粉尘

正沙漠化的形成与地球温室效应、厄尔尼诺现象、森林锐减、植被破坏、物种灭绝、气候异常等因素有着不可分割的关系。特别是过度开发自然资源、过量砍伐森林、过度开垦土地等成为了沙漠化的主要原因。本活动希望同学们通过亲身体验身边的粉尘问题,调查本地区受沙漠化影响造成的降尘问题,了解沙漠化问题,讨论防止沙漠化的个人行为。活动时间:1小时或1周。活动地点:家庭。活动类别:调查、测试。活动准备:透明胶带,放大镜,胶头滴管,培     

地方

正连云港首个省级湿地公园落户东海日前,东海县西双湖湿地公园被命名为"江苏东海西双湖省级湿地公园",成为连云港市首个省级湿地公园。西双湖是20世纪50年代修建的人工湖,面积大小与西湖相似,生态环境堪比漓江。近年来,东海县秉承"湿地城市"发展理念,遵循"保护优先、科学修复、合理利用、持续发展"的原则,累计投入数亿元资金打造西双湖生态湿地。"城湖一体、水绿相依"的秀丽景色,让众多游客流连忘返。