Comparison of quartz sand, anthracite, shale and biological ceramsite for adsorptive removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution

The choice of substrates with high phosphorus adsorption capacity is vital for sustainable phosphorus removal from waste water in constructed wetlands. In this study, four substrates were used： quartz sand, anthracite, shale and biological ceramsite. These substrate samples were characterized by X- ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy studies for their mineral components （chemical components） and surface characteristics. The dynamic experimental results revealed the following ranking order for total phosphorus （TP） removal efficiency： anthracite 〉 biological ceramsite 〉 shale 〉 quartz sand. The adsorptive removal capacities for TP using anthracite, biological ceramsite, shale and quartz sand were 85.87, 81.44, 59.65, and 55.98 mg/kg, respectively. Phosphorus desorption was also studied to analyze the substrates＇ adsorption efficiency in wastewater treatment as well as the substrates＇ ability to be reused for treatment. It was noted that the removal performance for the different forms of phosphorus was dependent on the nature of the substrate and the adsorption mechanism. A comparative analysis showed that the removal of particulate phosphorus was much easier using shale. Whereas anthracite had the highest soluble reactive phosphorus （SRP） adsorptive capacity, biological ceramsite had the highest dissolved organic phosphorus （DOP） removal capacity. Phosphorus removal by shale and biological ceramsite was mainly through chemical adsorption, precipitation or biological adsorption. On the other hand, phosphorus removal through physical adsorption （electrostatic attraction or ion exchange） was dominant in anthracite and quartz sand.     

4-氯苯酚在水溶液中的光化学反应(Ⅱ)反应的动力学研究

研究了在模拟太阳光和紫外光作用下，４－氯苯酚的光反应动力学，研究表明，紫外光的作用更为显。４－ＣＰ的反应速率与４－ＣＰ起始浓度、ｐＨ值，金属离子浓度、富里酸浓度等因素有关，通入空气，能够加速４－ＣＰ降解。     

两种生物炭的制备及其对水溶液中四环素去除的影响因素

以中药材三桠苦药渣和玉米秸秆为原料,分别在400、600和800℃下热解制备生物炭,并研究其对水溶液中四环素的去除及其影响因素.利用元素分析、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、比表面积分析(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等方法对制备的生物炭进行表征;并探究热解温度、生物炭添加量、初始溶液浓度、吸附时间、溶液pH、离子强度、环境温度等因素对生物炭去除水溶液中四环素的影响;通过吸附动力学和等温吸附平衡探究两种原料制备的生物炭对溶液中四环素的吸附行为.结果表明,生物炭对四环素的吸附性能随制备温度的升高而增加,800℃制备的三桠苦药渣生物炭(EIBC800)具有最佳吸附性能.生物炭添加量、溶液pH、离子强度、吸附时间对800℃制备的三桠苦药渣生物炭(EIBC800)和玉米秸秆生物炭(CSBC800)吸附水溶液中四环素影响较大,吸附时环境温度对吸附的影响大小依赖于抗生素质量浓度.EIBC800和CSBC800对四环素的吸附行为均符合准二级动力学方程(R~2分别为0. 954 0和0. 835 5),等温吸附符合Freundlich方程(R~2分别在0. 899 1～0. 957 9和0. 973 6～0. 994 6之间),主要吸附过程为化学吸附,且吸附过程均是自发吸热的过程.通过以两种原料所制备的生物炭吸附性能对比,EIBC800吸附抗生素的能力比CSBC800更强,说明中药渣在制备生物炭去除水环境中的抗生素具有较好的应用前景.     

餐饮泔水油及废动植物油下脚料深加工利用大有可为：介绍《国家级科技成果重点推广计划》高效益环保项目“利用餐饮泔水油及废动植物油生产油酸、甘油、硬脂酸”新工艺

综述了我国的餐饮泔水油及废油脂资源浪费、破坏环境现状，对比介绍了新工艺显著的经济及环保效益。     

多菌灵在水体系中的光化学降解研究

系统研究了高压汞灯和天然日光照射下多菌灵在天然海水、人工海水和蒸馏水中的光降解情况.天然日光照射下,多菌灵在三种介质中光稳定性均很强,几乎不降解.高压汞灯较天然日光更能有效地激发多菌灵降解.在高压汞灯照射下,多菌灵在蒸馏水中的半寿期为23.42 min.多菌灵在蒸馏水中的光降解速率大于其在人工海水和天然海水的光降解速率,这主要是由于天然海水中存在的阴、阳离子和其它特殊的物质所引起的.同蒸馏水中的光反应相比,人工海水中的离子抑制了多菌灵的光降解反应.实验发现溶液中加入重金属离子会改变多菌灵的光降解速率.     

Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using red loess as an adsorbent

The adsorption behaviors of heavy metals onto novel low-cost adsorbent, red loess, were investigated. Red loess was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The results indicated that red loess mainly consisted of silicate, ferric and aluminum oxides. Solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal concentration, contact time and temperature significantly influenced the efficiency of heavy metals removal. The adsorption reached equilibrium at 4 hr, and the experimental equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir monolayer adsorption model. The adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto red loess was endothermic, while the adsorption of Pb(II) was exothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities of red loess for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were estimated to be 113.6, 34.2 and 17.5 mg/g, respectively at 25°C and pH 6. The maximum removal efficiencies were 100% for Pb(II) at pH 7, 100% for Cu(II) at pH 8, and 80% for Zn(II) at pH 8. The used adsorbents were readily regenerated using dilute HC1 solution, indicating that red loess has a high reusability. All the above results demonstrated that red loess could be used as a possible alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution.     

聚丙烯中空纤维膜吸收法烟气脱硫实验研究

采用质量分数为30%的甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)水溶液为烟气SO2吸收液,聚丙烯(PP)中空纤维微孔膜组件为吸收器,研究吸收液温度、流量变化,气体停留时间,以及气液两相流程等操作条件对聚丙烯(PP)中宅纤维膜脱硫率的影响,研究表明30%MDEA水溶液在温度35℃,流量100mL/min的最佳试验条件下,经过一个膜吸收过程...     

水溶液中硝基苯的超声微电场降解

研究了超声微电场中硝基苯的降解过程，并探讨了降解机理及反应历程。结果表明，硝基苯的降解符合拟一级反应，超声与微电场的耦合协同作用大大提高了硝基苯的降解效率，在槽电压10V条件下，协同作用的降解速率比简单加和作用的速率高一倍以上，经过30min协同处理后可以获得93．8％的去除率，而溶液中饱和气体种类等对降民产生一定的影响，经紫外和SMPE－GC－MS分析，推断硝基苯在电超声场作用下存在氧化还原反应与热解、自由基作用等协同作用。主要中间降解产物为苯胺、偶氮苯、1－氧，2－苯基－二氮烯、1，2－苯二甲酸二丁酯、1，2－苯二甲酸丁酯异丁酯等，最终产物为CO2、水及无机盐类。     

二氧化氯、亚氯酸盐和氯酸盐水溶液的致突变性

二氧化氯 (ＣｌＯ2 )在消毒过程中伴随有亚氯酸盐 (ＣｌＯ-2 )和氯酸盐 (ＣｌＯ-3)产生 ,本文用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 /微粒体酶试验 (Ａｍｅｓ试验 )和小鼠微核试验 ,对ＣｌＯ2 ,ＮａＣｌＯ2 和ＮａＣｌＯ3水溶液的致突变进行了研究 .1　试验方法把昆明种小白鼠随机分组 ,每组 1 0只 ,雌雄各半 ,体重为 2 8± 1ｇ .设三个剂量组 ,低剂量组为5ｇ·ｋｇ- 1 体重 ,中剂量组为 1 0ｇ·ｋｇ- 1 体重 ,高剂量组为 2 0ｇ·ｋｇ- 1 体重 .阴性对照为蒸馏水 ,阳性对照为环磷酰胺 (40ｍｇ·ｋｇ- 1 体重 ) .各剂量组和阴性对照组经口灌胃给药 ,阳性对照组为…     

Removal of sulfadiazine from aqueous solution on kaolinite

The adsorption of sulfadiazine onto kaolinite clay as an alternative adsorbent was examined in aqueous solution, hnpacts of the contact time, pH, temperature, ionic strength and coexistent surfactants on the adsorption process were evaluated. The pH significantly influenced the adsorption process, with adsorption being promoted at lower pH due to the cation exchange mechanism. Decreasing ionic strength in the solution was favorable for adsorption, and the addition of cationic and anionic surfactants had negative effects on the adsorption capacity of sulfadiazine on kaolinite. Kinetic experiments showed that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium adsorption was well described by both Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich （DR） models. According to the DR model, the adsorption mechanism was determined by cationic exchange and weak physical forces. The thermodynamic study showed that sulfadiazine adsorption onto kaolinite was a sponta- neous and endothermic reaction.