不同磷源及其浓度对铜绿微囊藻生长和产毒的影响

研究了以低浓度磷酸氢二钾和β-甘油磷酸钠为外加磷源时铜绿微囊藻生长及藻毒素产生的规律.通过分析铜绿微囊藻生长过程中细胞数量、培养基和藻细胞中总磷含量、培养基pH及微囊藻毒素-LR和微囊藻毒素-RR的含量,确定了2种磷源对铜绿微囊藻生长及胞内藻毒素含量的变化规律.结果显示,以β-甘油磷酸钠为磷源时,培养过程中藻细胞数及藻细胞内毒素含量均低于以磷酸氢二钾为磷源时的藻细胞数及藻细胞内毒素含量,表明在低浓度范围内磷酸氢二钾比β-甘油磷酸钠更能促进藻的生长,同时也能促进胞内藻毒素的生成.     

改性与成型层状氢氧化镁铝对不同水体中PO43- 的脱除性能

利用大型工业设备制备出性能稳定的粉末层状氢氧化镁铝(500 kg.批-1,记为Mg-Al LDH),采用沉积法将Mg-Al LDH进行改性与成型,研究了改性与成型层状氢氧化镁铝(记为MG Mg-Al CLDH)对水溶液、废水、不同地带海水中PO34-的动态吸附脱除及再生性能.结果表明,MG Mg-Al CLDH能够有效脱除不同水体中的PO34-,满足污水综合排放一级标准或海水水质一级标准.MG Mg-Al CLDH对PO34-脱除主要是通过离子交换和"结构记忆"效应共同实现的.MG Mg-Al CLDH对水溶液中PO34-的穿透吸附量是未改性时的6倍以上,再生率为126.24%,PO34-的穿透曲线受固定床高度、流量、溶液初始浓度、溶液初始pH值的影响,液膜扩散是吸附过程的主控步骤.当溶液初始浓度低至4.61 mg.L-1时,MG Mg-Al CLDH能将某污水处理厂二级出水中PO34-有效脱除,满足污水综合排放一级标准.当PO34-浓度低至0.38μmol.L-1,MG Mg-Al CLDH仍能将其从海水中有效脱除,达到海水水质一级标准,为解决Mg-Al LDH在实际应用中存在粉末易堵塞床体、无法实现固液分离和再生的问题及水体中磷的脱除提供了一条新型可行之路.     

Adsorption of Mn2+ from aqueous solution using Fe and Mn oxide-coated sand

The adsorption of Mn²⁺ onto immobilized Mn-oxide and Fe-oxide adsorbent such as manganese oxide-coated sand1 (MOCS1), manganese oxide-coated sand2 (MOCS2), iron oxide-coated sand2 (IOCS2), and manganese and iron oxide-coated sand (MIOCS) was investigated. The effects of pH (5.5 to 8.0) and temperature (25 to 45℃) on the equilibrium capacity were examined. Equilibrium studies showed that there is a good fit with both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm, which indicates surface heterogeneity and monolayer adsorption of the adsorbents. Kinetic data showed high correlation with the pseudo second-order model, which signifies a chemisorption-controlled mechanism. The activation energies, activation parameters (ΔG^*, ΔH^*, ΔS^*), and thermodynamic parameters (ΔG⁰, ΔH⁰, ΔS⁰) confirmed that adsorption with MIOCS was endothermic and more spontaneous at higher temperature while an opposite trend was observed for the other adsorbents. Thermodynamic studies showed that adsorption involved formation of activated complex, where MOCS1 and MIOCS follow a physical-chemical mechanism, while MOCS2 and IOCS2 follows purely chemical mechanism.     

A high activity of Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode in the electrochemical degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution

Electrochemical degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solution was investigated over Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode. The factors influencing the degradation rate, such as applied current density (2-40 mA/cm²), pH (3-11) and initial concentration (5-200 mg/L) were evaluated. The degradation of 2,4-DCP followed apparent pseudo first-order kinetics. The degradation ratio on Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode attained > 99.9% after 20 min of electrolysis at initial 5-200 mg/L concentrations at a constant current density of 30 mA/cm² with a 10 mmol/L sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) supporting electrolyte solution. The results showed that 2,4-DCP (100 mg/L) degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal ratio achieved 99.9% and 92.8%, respectively, at the optimal conditions after 30 min electrolysis. Under this condition, the degradation rate constant (k) and the degradation half-life (t_1/2) were 0.21 min^-1 and (2.8±0.2) min, respectively. Mainly carboxylic acids (propanoic acid, maleic acid, propanedioic acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid) were detected as intermediates. The energy efficiencies for 2,4-DCP degradation (5-200 mg/L) with Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode ranged from 0.672 to 1.602 g/kWh. The Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode with a high activity to rapid organic oxidation could be employed to degrade chlorophenols, particularly 2,4-DCP in wastewater.     

工业冷凝液处理系统在川化的运行

川化股份有限公司第二化肥厂尿素装置采用水溶液全循环改良C法工艺，尿液加工采用结晶遣粒工艺。在生产过程中，产生的废水由凉水塔处理，不仅造成氨耗增加，而且还对大气造成了污染。经过研究，该公司与TEC公司合作，进行相关的节能改造，并增加了1套ACES工艺冷凝液处理系统。     

双极膜电渗析法处理谷氨酸水溶液的过程性能研究

对利用双极膜水解离技术处理谷氨酸水溶液的各种工艺参数进行了探索。讨论了电流效率、转化率及能耗等因素对双极膜水解离技术应用的影响。根据实验研究结果，提出了双极膜法处理谷氨酸水溶液的最佳工艺流程。     

己唑醇在水溶液中的光化学降解研究

研究了高压汞灯光源下己唑醇在不同pH缓冲液中的光化学降解特性及NO3-和NO2-对光解的影响.结果表明,己唑醇在水溶液中的光解符合一级动力学规律.不同pH值缓冲溶液中的光解速率排序为:pH=7>pH=9>pH=5.在己唑醇水溶液中添加不同浓度的NO3-及NO2-,均会不同程度地影响己唑醇的光解速率.在0～20mg·L-1的浓度范围内,NO3-对己唑醇的光解均表现为促进作用,且随着添加浓度的增大促进作用增强;NO2-在0.4和2mg·L-1浓度下,对己唑醇的光解有一定的促进作用,而在10～20mg·L-1浓度时,表现为抑制作用.     

哌嗪水溶液脱硫性能的研究

提出了一种有机胺吸收二氧化硫的烟气脱硫工艺.采用填充柱常压吸收常压再生操作流程,以解吸率和有效吸收SO2容量为评价指标,研究了哌嗪水溶液的脱硫性能,并将其与甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)和乙二胺(EA)溶液作了比较.实验表明,0.3-0.5m01.1-1的哌嗪水溶液在30℃的温度下能达到较佳的吸收效果,而在85℃的温度下解吸能有效地减少富液挥发损失并达到95%以上的解吸率.哌嗪水溶液的单位有效脱硫容量达到了3.49g·g-1,远高于MDEA和EA.     

金属废水溶液的中和沉淀净化理论分析

含有害金属废水溶液的中和沉淀净化过程受诸多因素的影响,其中,最重要的有溶液中金属的价态和形态,溶液的离子强度,沉淀物的组成,结构和表面效应等,本文对上述问题作了较全面的理论分析。     

车用尿素水溶液在机动车氮氧化物减排中的应用

减少柴油车氮氧化物的排放是城市治理空气污染的有效措施之一.文章对减少柴油车尾气排放污染所采用的SCR（选择性催化还原）、EGR＋ DPF（废气再循环十颗粒捕集器）技术进行比较,论述了国内外车用尿素水溶液质量标准及其差异,分析了车用尿素水溶液的包装、储运、加注等应用方式对减排效果的影响,总结了在加注过程中易出现的问题.