产1,3-丙二醇温控重组大肠杆菌JM109(pBV220-yqhD-dhaB)的构建

1,3-丙二醇(1,3-PD)是一种重要的化工原料,其最重要的用途是作为合成聚酯PTT的单体.由于微生物发酵法生产1,3-PD具有操作简单,不易产生有毒副产物等特点,已得到广泛关注.本研究在前期工作的基础上,分别获得了来源于肺炎克雷伯氏菌的甘油脱水酶编码基因dhaB和来源于大肠杆菌的1,3-PD氧化还原酶同工酶编码基因yqhD,利用温控表达载体pBV220串联构建了重组质粒pBV220-yqhD-dhaB,将其转化大肠杆菌得到产1,3-丙二醇温控重组大肠杆菌JM109(pBV220-yqhD-dhaB).该重组菌在LB培养基中,30℃好氧培养12 h至对数生长中期,再经42℃好氧诱导发酵4 h,测得胞内甘油脱水酶和1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶同工酶的酶活力分别达到260 U/mg蛋白和140U/mg蛋白;在含甘油40 g/L的发酵培养基中,30℃好氧培养12 h至对数生长中期,再经42℃好氧诱导发酵4 h,测得发酵液中1,3-PD含量为8.5 g/L.这将为进一步构建基因工程菌生产1,3-PD打下坚实的基础.图6表1参18     

混合培养微生物利用甘油补料发酵生产乙醇研究

采用浸麻芽孢杆菌和红曲菌990691用甘油混合发酵生产乙醇.结果表明,分批发酵中高浓度的甘油对乙醇发酵有着较强的抑制作用,分批发酵最佳甘油浓度为0.217 mol L-1.在分批发酵的基础上补料发酵,考察了不同甘油浓度的补料液和不同补料时间对乙醇发酵的影响.最终确定乙醇补料发酵较优的工艺条件为:反应器1 L,装液量700 mL红曲发酵液,甘油初始浓度为0.217 mol L-1,以补料方式每隔60 h分5次补加0.217 mol L-1甘油浓度的红曲发酵液,每次补加100 mL,发酵培养360 h.当乙醇最高浓度达0.221 mol L-1,乙醇总产率0.628 mmol h-1,乙醇/甘油转化率达87%(mol mol-1).与分批发酵相比,补料发酵很大程度解除了高浓度甘油的抑制作用,有效地利用了甘油,提高了乙醇的产量,且乙醇产率较为稳定.     

P掺杂TiO_2纳米管的制备及其对光催化甘油水溶液制氢性能的影响

以P掺杂的TiO2纳米颗粒为前驱体,采用水热合成法制备了系列P掺杂的TiO2纳米管.用N2吸附-脱附、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、激光拉曼光谱(Raman)、紫外可见漫反射(UV-Vis DRS)等方法对光催化材料的表面形貌、颗粒尺寸、孔结构、表面构造、吸光性能进行了分析.研究结果表明,所制备的各样品均为两端开口的纳米管形貌,管长为几十纳米到几百纳米,管外径约10 nm,内径约4 nm,管壁为多层;P掺杂后的系列TiO2纳米管仍保持锐钛矿晶型;掺杂的P可以进入到TiO2的骨架中,并形成P—O—Ti键,在TiO2禁带内引入杂质能级,降低了禁带能量,提高了TiO2的吸光性能及光生电子和空穴的分离性能.光催化甘油水溶液制氢活性评价表明,P掺杂的TiO2纳米管表现出了远高于纯TiO2管以及相同掺杂量的纳米颗粒的光催化制氢性能,2%P掺杂的样品在紫外灯和氙灯辐射下,其最高产氢速率可分别达1850μmol·(h·g)-1和335μmol·(h·g)-1.P掺杂TiO2样品光催化活性的提高与其禁带能量降低以及光生电子和空穴的分离性能增加有关.     

浅析液化石油气贮罐氢鼓泡现象

液化石油气贮罐在运行过程中,因受到介质中杂质的侵蚀,使其材质发生劣化、厚度减薄、强度下降,从而造成严重的隐患和事故。而杂质中的H2S则是最具破坏力的因素,钢材在含H2S的水溶液中发生应力腐蚀现象,产生氢鼓泡,最终产生裂纹,造成设备的损坏。     

PSAA水溶液中铝形态分布研究

PSAA是一种含有铝离子的聚硅酸絮凝剂。本文用²⁷Al－NMR法和Al－Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了PSAA水溶液中铝的形态分布情况,考察了SiO₂/Al³⁺摩尔比,温度及稀释作用对铝的形态分布的影响。结果表明,PSAA水溶液中的铝主要是以单核羟铝络合物形式存在,聚硅酸的存在对铝的形态分布影响不大,温度对铝的形态分布无影响,稀释作用对铝的形态分布有一定的影响。     

废旧可充电池资源化新工艺研究

本文研究了废旧可充电池中Ni、Cd、Co的回收新工艺.混合电池经消电后粉碎至柱径不大于5mm的粉末,在600℃下灼烧1 h.得到的粉末用碳酸铵水溶液浸取,过滤使Ni、Cd、Co与Fe分离;用催化氧化方法,将含氨滤液中形成的Co(OH)3沉淀析出;用含LIX64N的煤油作苹取剂从上述滤液中分离出Ni,再通过逐出溶液中的NH3,得到CdCO3沉淀.     

环氧氯丙烷生产废水的资源化处理技术

采用催化湿式过氧化物氧化法（CWPO）处理环氧氯丙烷生产废水,考察了反应温度、反应时间、反应pH、双氧水和FeSO₄#x000b7;7H₂O加入量及投加方式等因素对TOC去除率的影响。实验结果表明：CWPO工艺适宜的反应条件为反应温度90℃,反应pH2.0~3.0,FeSO₄#x000b7;7H₂O₂加入量7.50~8.75g/L,双氧水加入量75mL/L,反应时间100min;双氧水和Fe²⁺分多次投加时的TOC去除效果明显优于一次性投加;优化条件下,环氧氯丙烷废水经CWPO工艺处理后,TOC由1790mg/L降至138mg/L,符合氯碱厂隔膜电解槽进槽盐水的要求,可以资源化利用。     

Removal characteristics of CO2 using aqueous MEA/AMP solutions in the absorption and regeneration process

The carbon dioxide (CO2) removal efficiency, reaction rate, and CO2 loading into aqueous blended monoethanolamine (MEA) + 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) solutions to enhance absorption characteristics of MEA and AMP were carried out by the absorption/regeneration process. As a result, compared to aqueous MEA and AMP solutions, aqueous blended MEA+AMP solutions have a higher CO2 loading than MEA and a higher reaction rate than AMP. The CO2 loading of rich amine of aqueous 18 wt.% MEA+12 wt.% AMP solution was 0.62 mol CO2/mol amine, which is 51.2% more than 30 wt.% MEA (0.41 mol CO2/mol amine). Consequently, blending MEA and AMP could be an effective way to design cousidering economical efficiency and used to operate absorber for a long time.     

A high activity of Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode in the electrochemical degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in aqueous solution

Electrochemical degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solution was investigated over Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode. The factors influencing the degradation rate, such as applied current density (2-40 mA/cm²), pH (3-11) and initial concentration (5-200 mg/L) were evaluated. The degradation of 2,4-DCP followed apparent pseudo first-order kinetics. The degradation ratio on Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode attained > 99.9% after 20 min of electrolysis at initial 5-200 mg/L concentrations at a constant current density of 30 mA/cm² with a 10 mmol/L sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) supporting electrolyte solution. The results showed that 2,4-DCP (100 mg/L) degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal ratio achieved 99.9% and 92.8%, respectively, at the optimal conditions after 30 min electrolysis. Under this condition, the degradation rate constant (k) and the degradation half-life (t_1/2) were 0.21 min^-1 and (2.8±0.2) min, respectively. Mainly carboxylic acids (propanoic acid, maleic acid, propanedioic acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid) were detected as intermediates. The energy efficiencies for 2,4-DCP degradation (5-200 mg/L) with Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode ranged from 0.672 to 1.602 g/kWh. The Ti/SnO₂-Sb anode with a high activity to rapid organic oxidation could be employed to degrade chlorophenols, particularly 2,4-DCP in wastewater.     

二氯苯在盐水溶液中活度系数的研究

本文采用紫外分光光度法测定了２５．００±０．００１℃下间位和对位二氯苯在ＨＣＯＯＮａ,ＣＨ３ｃＯＯＮａ,（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４,ＭｇＳＯ４和Ｎａ２ＳＯ４水溶液中活度系数（ｆ）,它们的ｌｇｆ－Ｃ关系符合Ｓｅｔｓｃｈｎｏｗ盐效应公式。