凤眼莲植物修复水溶液中甲基对硫磷的效果与机理研究

报道了凤眼莲（Eichhornia crassipes Solms）净化水溶液中甲基对硫磷的作用及修复甲基对硫磷污染水体的主要机理。研究结果表明，与空白抑菌水溶液相比，10－11g凤眼莲抑菌可将250mL的10mg/L的甲基对硫磷降解速度提高763．52％。处理10d后甲基对硫磷的消除率，凤眼莲培养液为99．9％，对照水溶液为40．1％。其修复机理主要是凤眼莲的直接吸收和微生物降解。在不抑菌条件下，凤眼莲对水溶液中甲 硫磷净化的贡献率达67．28％，微生物降解约占23．97％。     

制取高浓度臭氧水的实验研究

采用介质阻挡强电离放电技术制取高浓度臭氧，使用射流器和气液溶解分离器溶解臭氧制取高浓度臭氧水，讨论了应用臭氧量，气液比，系统压力和气液溶解方式对臭氧水浓度和臭氧有效溶解效率的影响。     

流动注射分光光度法研究离子强度对活性炭吸附阴、阳离子染料的影响

运用流动注射分光光度法，考察了不同离子强度(NaCl)下，在水溶液中表面带负电的活性炭分别吸附阴、阳离子染料的动力学行为。实验结果表明，对于所考察的2种阳离子染料和3种阴离子染料，活性炭的表观吸附速率常数均随着离子强度的增大而增大。这种加速吸附效应的出现，主要是因为离子强度的增大促进了活性炭表面与染料之间的非静电力作用。     

改性泥炭对水溶液中铬的去除

为克服泥炭利用过程中存在的一些问题，对原泥炭进行了改性处理，并将改性后的泥炭与树脂结合以增强改性泥炭的机械强度。通过静态试验方法研究了改性泥炭对来自水溶液中的铬离子的吸附特性。结果表明：改性泥炭对水溶液中的铬的吸附等温过程符合Freundlich吸附等温方程，其吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程。溶液的pH值对铬的去除产生显著的影响，在pH在1．5－3．0时，改性泥炭对6价铬的去除效果最好。     

有机溶剂,表面活性剂及NaCl对对二氯苯在水中活度系数的影响

本文利用气相色谱法测定了对二氯苯在不同组成的水溶液体系中的活度系数,其中包括二组份与三组份共溶剂体系、表面活性剂-水体系与NaCl-水体系。实验结果表明:对二氯苯在二组份和三组份共溶剂体系中的活度系数的对数值与各组份的体积分数之间有线性加和关系;表面活性剂在达到临界胶束浓度以上时,可显著降低对二氯苯在水中的活度系数;对二氯苯在NaCl水溶液中的活度系数与NaCI的含量之间成正比关系。作者还利用UNIFAC法估算了对二氯苯在各种共溶剂体系中的活度系数,所得估算值与测定值相接近。     

甘油投加对餐厨垃圾厌氧产酸性能的影响

餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产生的挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）可以作为合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）的底物,PHA的性能与VFAs的组成密切相关.为改善PHA产品的性能,本文研究了甘油投加对餐厨垃圾产酸性能的影响.在餐厨垃圾厌氧消化半连续流反应器运行稳定的基础上,探讨了不同C/N对厌氧发酵有机物转化及VFAs产量和组成的影响.结果表明,投加甘油会降低发酵体系的pH,提高VFAs的产量,相比于对照组,C/N比为25/1时,VFAs产量提高了10.3%.C/N10.69/1（对照组）、15/1、20/1和25/1时,发酵液奇数碳VFAs所占总VFAs的比例分别为54.23%、61.16%、64.78%和66.79%.甘油的投加可以提升丙酸、戊酸等奇数碳VFAs所占比例,有利于改善PHA产品性能.     

棉油油脚皂化黑水中甘油含量的测定

甘油与Ｃｕ（ＯＨ）２作用得甘油铜，用分光光度计测定甘油铜在６３０ｎｍ入射光时的吸光度值，采用工作曲线法确定甘油含量，本法简便、快速。     

Photodegradation of 2,4-D induced by NO2- in aqueous solutions：The role of NO2

To elucidate the effect of nitrite ion （NO2^-） on the photodegradation of organic pollutants, a 300 W mercury lamp and Pyrex tubes restricting the transmission of wavelengths below 290nm were used to simulate sunlight, and the photodegradation processes of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D） with different concentrations of NO2^- in freshwater and seawater were studied. The effect of reactive oxygen species （ROS） on the photolysis of 2,4-D was also demonstrated using electron paramagnetic resonance （EPR）. The results indicated that the 2,4-D photolysis reaction followed the first-order kinetics in freshwater and seawater under different concentrations of NO2^-. Meanwhile, the photochemical reaction rate of 2,4-D increased with increasing concentration of NO2^-. When the concentration of NO2^- was lower than 23 mg/L, the photodegradation rate of 2,4-D in seawater was higher than that in freshwater. However, when the concentration of NO2^- was reached 230 mg/L, 2,4-D degradation slowed down in seawater. It was important to note that EPR spectra showed NO2 radical was generated in the NO5 solution under simulated sunlight irradiation, indicating that 2,4-D photodegradation could be induced by NO2. These results show the key role of NO2^- in photochemistry and are helpful for better understanding of the phototransformation of environmental contaminants in natural aquatic systems.     

Removal of perchlorate from aqueous solution by cross-linked Fe(Ⅲ)-chitosan complex

Cross-linked Fe（III）-chitosan composite （Fe-CB） was used as the adsorbent for removing perchlorate from the aqueous solution. The adsorption experiments were carried out by varying contact time, initial concentrations, temperatures, pH, and the presence of co-existing anions. The morphology of the adsorbent was discussed using FT-IR and SEM with X-EDS analysis. The pH ranging from 3.0-10.2 exhibited very little effect on the adsorption capability. The perchlorate uptake onto Fe-CB obeyed Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption process was rapid and the kinetics data obeyed the pseudo second-order model well. The eluent of 2.5% （W/V） NaC1 could regenerate the exhausted adsorbent efficiently. The adsorption mechanism was also discussed.     

Reply to comments on "Adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole from aqueous solution by organo-bentonite" by Yuhshan Ho

There were several first-order kinetic equations used and cited by previous publications （Do,an et al., 2007; Eftekhari et al., 2010; Lagergren, 1898; Kannan and Sundaram, 2001;Ozcan et al., 2006）：