没有湿地就没有水

每年的2月2日是世界湿地日,今年世界湿地日的主题为“没有湿地就没有水”。对不少人来说,尤其是非专业人士,湿地还是一个较为陌生的概念。“湿地”一词源自英文“wetland”。《湿地公约》对湿地的定义是国际公认的,即:不问其为天然或人工、长久或暂时性的沼泽地、泥炭地或水域地带、静止或流动、淡水、半咸水、咸水体,包括低潮时水深不超过6米的水域。这个广义的湿地包括海岸地带地区的珊瑚滩和海草床、滩涂、红树林、河口、河流、淡水沼泽、沼泽森林、湖泊、盐沼及盐湖。狭义的定义通常把湿地视为生态交错带,是陆地和水域之间的     

森林的真正价值

保护和发展被称为无价资源的森林是当前人类社会的重要课题。例如，奥地利有一个全国性的森林资源保护网络，长期以来一直从事于建立、维护和研究国家天然森林资源的工作。该保护网络在全国设立159个网点。由奥地利森林专家主持，统一管理奥地利全国森林。由于管理工作出色，奥地利的天然森林面积在过去几十年问不断扩大。过去奥地利并不如此重视天然森林。在原始森林的保护方面走过弯路，当时天然森林曾经被奥地利人当作“取之不尽”的建筑材料和能源，     

The Conservation Status and Conservation Strategy of Picea neoveitchii

Picea neoveitchii is an endemic species in China. It had been listed as an endangered species in red data books. It scatters in several locations of south slope of the Qinling Mountain of China. Upon reviewing the related literature, discussing with leading scholars on gymnosperm, ecology and plant conservation, the field survey was carried out in four locations. There are eleven mature individuals and two seedlings surviving in its natural habitats. With the survey of quadrat method in four locations, related community index were calculated such as relative important value （RIV）, species richness, similarity index, diversity index and evenness index etc. The community could be sorted and characterized as three groups based on the community parameters. The analysis of vegetation table elucidates that Picea neoveitchii is a dominant species with low grouping rate in most surveyed sites. The RAPD analysis shows target species has intraspecific genetic variability. The estimation of Shannon＇s phenotypic diversity index （Ho） also explains the difference of genetic variations of different locations. Due to the lack of enough knowledge and professional guide of conservation biological perspective, Picea neoveitchii had been clear-cut for timber production. The extent of occurrence and area of occupancy declined rapidly from 1950s to 1990s. According to the Conservation Category guideline proposed by the World Conservation Union, the conservation status of Picea neoveitchii was reevaluated as Critically Endangered （CR） B2b C2a D. Upon research in areas of ecology, molecular biology, cluster analysis of environmental parameters, a practical conservation strategy is recommended in this research.     

SO_2污染对莴苣指管蚜(Uroleucon formosanum Takahashi——莴苣植物(Lactuca sativa L)相互关系的影响

在实验室条件下(27±2℃,REH65±3%),受0.15μg/l和0.50μg/lS-O_2作用的蚜虫死亡率在32小时内与对照组无差异。用0.15,0.50μg/lSO_2薰7天后的莴苣苗饲喂,在为期15天的实验中,0.50μg/1组产仔总数(88.5±5.562)大于对照组(73.3±6.019)和0.15μg/l组(71.5±6.650)。内禀增长率率(?)m0.50>(?)m0.15>(?)m对照。体长在各浓度间无明显差异。实验表明:SO_2对蚜虫种群变动的影响主要是通过寄主植株的生理变化而生产的。     

南充市城市生态系统健康评价

城市生态系统是一个综合性、复杂性的大系统,涉及到城市自然环境、社会经济、人群健康状况、资源状况、环境状况和城市基础设施等各个方面,健康的城市生态系统是人类所向往的目标.从生态系统健康的内涵出发,依据城市生态系统的特殊性,建立了城市生态系统健康评价指标体系;运用AHP法确定了城市生态系统健康评价各指标要素之间的权重;采用模糊数学法的原理建立城市生态系统健康评价模型.将该模型方法应用于南充市城市生态系统健康评价,通过评价得出:南充城市生态系统健康状况为"亚健康"状态,其隶属度为0.329.     

城市区域生态系统服务功能--以深圳市为例

了解城市中自然生态系统的状态与作用,是进行城市科学管理的基本前提。以深圳市为例,分析城市自然生态系统的主要服务功能,并探讨其对城市居民生活质量的重要性,重点回答关于城市自然生态系统及其服务功能的3个问题:(1)各项生态系统服务功能有助于解决城市的什么问题?(2)哪些生态系统、如何参与这些生态服务?(3)通过深圳市的实例对生态系统服务进行初步量化和评价。