一株微囊藻毒素-LR降解菌的降解特性

研究了从某人工湖底泥中筛选出的1株能够降解微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)的菌株JM13的降解特性.实验结果表明,当加入50 mg·L-1淀粉作为外加碳源时,菌株对初始浓度为0.5 mg·L-1MC-LR的降解率可达44.5%;低浓度重金属Cu2+的加入可在一定程度上提高菌株对MC-LR的降解,降解率可达到44.8%;随着时间的延长,菌株对MC-LR的降解率不断增大,到第10天达到52.6%,当投入菌龄为36 h的菌悬液时,降解率可达到55.4%.对该菌株细胞表面疏水性(CSH)的测试结果显示,在菌JM13细胞表面疏水性最大的情况下(即有机∶相水相=3∶4时),添加淀粉及低浓度(0.5 mg·L-1)Cu2+可以在一定程度上抵御降解过程中细菌表面疏水性的降低,使菌体细胞能更好地同污染物接触,从而在一定程度上提高菌株对MC-LR的降解.     

以有机酸为共基质硝基酚厌氧生物降解性研究

在中温厌氧消化条件下，以有机酸(乙酸与丙酸的混合酸)为共基质，通过测定甲烷累积产量，研究了2-硝基酚、2，4-二硝基酚的厌氧生物降解性。试验条件为：温度35℃，COD1100～1200mg／L，pH7．0～7．5，COD／VSS为0．1，接种污泥未驯化，其产甲烷活性CH4／VSS为195mL／g。研究结果表明，在所选的浓度范围内(≤44mg／L)，2-硝基酚对产甲烷过程没有产生抑制作用；2，4-二硝基酚是抑制性较强的物质，浓度为12～20mg／L时产生中度抑制，大于28mg／L时产生重度抑制。     

壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚在膜-生物反应器中的归趋

综述了环境内分泌干扰物壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的化学性质、环境释放机制以及其对环境构成的危害,归纳了壬基酚及其短链聚氧乙烯醚（NPnEO）在膜-生物反应器（MBR）中的迁移转化规律,分析了其生物降解性和降解机理,探讨了MBR中活性污泥对其吸附能力和膜的截留能力,讨论了包括厌氧或好氧条件下的温度、水力停留时间、污泥停留时间等因素对于其降解过程的影响。     

静态环境下阿特拉津的生物降解研究

从农药厂阿特拉津生产车间污泥中分离出菌种AT菌,进行了系列降解实验.不同温度的降解实验表明,在4～20℃的实验温度范围内,AT菌能够降解代谢污染质,并随温度的升高,降解能力增强.20℃时降解率为38.84%;AT菌在外加氮源、碳源及以阿特拉津为惟一碳源和氮源等条件时对农药污染质阿特拉津均具有降解能力,且在以阿特拉津为惟一氮源(外加碳源)条件下的降解效果最好,此时的降解率为30.39%.     

胞外聚合物与溶解性微生物产物的关系

通过活性污泥内源呼吸试验,发现胞外聚合物与溶解性微生物产物之间存在相互转化、吸附与被吸附的关系。内源呼吸初期(0~19h),bound EPS水解生成BAP,细胞自溶过程也释放部分SMP。19~43h,微生物利用SMP中易降解部分生成bound EPS和UAP,大分子量的SMP被bound EPS吸附,并存在一定程度的细胞水解。43~162h为SMP分泌、溶出阶段,内源呼吸加强,微生物脱氢酶活性几乎丧失,细胞水解、自溶。bound EPS表面出现SMP解吸-吸附的交替过程。162~210h期间bound EPS水解及细胞自溶为主要过程。并且产出的SMP可生物降解性较差,对微生物表现出毒性作用,抑制其脱氢酶活性,而在毒性环境下,微生物又产出更多的SMP。     

Effects of combination of plant and microorganism on degradation of simazine in soil

The degradative characteristics of simazine （SIM）, microbial biomass carbon, plate counts of heterotrophic bacteria and most probably number （MPN） of SIM degraders in uninoculated non-rhizosphere soil, uninoculated rhizosphere soil, inoculated non- rhizosphere soil, and inoculated rhizosphere soil were measured. At the initial concentration of 20 mg SIM/kg soil, the half-lives of SIM in the four treated soils were measured to be 73.0, 52.9, 16.9, and 7.8 d, respectively, and corresponding kinetic data fitted first-order kinetics. The experimental results indicated that higher degradation rates of SIM were observed in rhizosphere soils, especially in inoculated rhizosphere soil. The degradative characteristics of SIM were closely related to microbial process. Vegetation could enhance the magnitude of rhizosphere microbial communities, microbial biomass content, and heterotrophic bacterial community, but did little to influence those community components responsible for SIM degradation. This suggested that rhizosphere soil inoculated with microorganisms-degrading target herbicides was a useful pathway to achieve rapid degradation of the herbicides in soil.     

Anaerobic BTEX degradation in soil bioaugmented with mixed consortia under nitrate reducing conditions

Different concentrations of BTEX, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three xylene isomers, were added into soil samples to investigate the anaerobic degradation potential by the augmented BTEX-adapted consortia under niwate reducing conditiom. All the BTEX substrates could be anaerobically biodegraded to non-detectable levels within 70 d when the initial concentrations were below 100 mg/kg in soil. Toluene was degraded faster than any other BTEX compounds, and the high-to-low order ofdegradation rates were toluene>ethylbenzene>m. xylene>o-xylene>benzene>P. xylene. Nitrite was accumulated with nitrate reduction. but the accumulation of nitrite had no inhibitory effect on the degradation of BTEX throughout the whole incubation. Indigenous bacteria in tIle soil could enhance the BTEX biodegradation ability of the enriched mixed bacteria. When the six BTEX compounds were simultaneously present in soil, there was no apparent inhibitory effect on their degradation with lower initial concentrations. Alternatively, benzene, o-xylene, and P-xylene degradation were inhibited with higher initial concentrations of 300 mg/kg. Higher BTEX biodegradation rates were observed in soil samples with the addition of sodium acetate compared to the presence of a single BTEX substrate. and the hypothesis of primary-substrate stimulation or cometabolic enhancement of BTEX biodegradation seems likely.     

读者信箱

正(上期答案)太阳能电池就好比树叶,它们采集阳光,然后再将其转化为能量。而现在,这两者的关系超越了相似的层面——太阳能电池已经可以在部分程度上由树木来制造了。到底植物是怎样制造出太阳能电池的呢?     

超高速活性污泥法的试验研究

吸附活性污泥法是一种高效率的污水处理方法，曝气池停留时间约４０ｍｉｎ、ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ５和ＳＳ的去除率可达到６０－７０％。本文以试验结果为基础，探讨了停留时间，污泥浓度，污泥回流比和污浓度对处理效果的影响，也探讨了该方法对氮，磷的去除效果。