水质中肼的测量不确定度评定

基于对二甲氨基苯甲醛分光光度法测定水质中肼的含量,对测定结果的不确定度进行评定.分析测定中的各项不确定度来源(主要包括标准贮备溶液的配置、标准使用液的稀释、标准工作曲线拟合、仪器性能和重复测定的引入等),计算合成不确定度,并获得相对扩展不确定度.     

Carbonyl sulfide and dimethyl sulfide fluxes in an urban lawn and adjacent bare soil in Guangzhou, China

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) fluxes from an urban Cynodon dactylon lawn and adjacent bare soil were measured during April–July 2005 in Guangzhou, China. Both the lawn and bare soil acted as sinks for COS and sources for DMS. The mean fluxes of COS and DMS in the lawn (–19.27 and 18.16 pmol/(m2 sec), respectively) were significantly higher than those in the bare soil (–9.89 and 9.35 pmol/(m2 sec), respectively). Fluxes of COS and DMS in mowed lawn were also higher than those in bare soils. Both COS and DMS fluxes showed diurnal variation with detectable but much lower values in the nighttime than in the daytime. COS fluxes were related significantly to temperature and the optimal temperature for COS uptake was 29°C. While positive linear correlations were found between DMS fluxes and temperature. COS fluxes increased linearly with ambient COS mixing ratios, and had a compensation point of 336 ppt.     

水样中挥发酚测定的边界条件探讨

在环境水质监测中,水中挥发酚的测定是最重要的有机监测项目。水样测定中首选测定方法是4-氨基安替比林光度法。在水样预处理和分析操作过程中,既要严格执行操作技术规程,更要充分考虑分析过程中的关键技术、边界条件等一些因素的影响,特别要考虑4-氨基安替比林的空白值、显色剂的稳定性、pH值的影响及缓冲液的使用等以保证实验的顺利进行和分析数据真实准确有效。     

Potential particulate pollution derived from UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide

UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was carried out in a static White cell chamber with UV irradiation. The combination of in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), wide-range particle spectrometer (WPS) technique, filter sampling and ion chromatographic (IC) analysis was used to monitor the gaseous and potential particulate products. During 240 min of UV irradiation, the degradation e ciency of DMS attained 20.9%, and partially oxidized sulfur-containing gaseous products, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were identified by in situ FT-IR and GC-MS analysis, respectively. Accompanying with the oxidation of DMS, suspended particles were directly detected to be formed by WPS techniques. These particles were measured mainly in the size range of accumulation mode, and increased their count median diameter throughout the whole removal process. IC analysis of the filter samples revealed that methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and other unidentified chemicals accounted for the major non-refractory compositions of these particles. Based on products analysis and possible intermediates formed, the degradation pathways of DMS were proposed as the combination of the O(1D)- and the OH- initiated oxidation mechanisms. A plausible formation mechanism of the suspended particles was also analyzed. It is concluded that UV-induced degradation of odorous DMS is potentially a source of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere.     

Removal of phosphate by Fe-coordinated amino-functionalized 3D mesoporous silicates hybrid materials

Phosphate removal from aqueous waste streams is an important approach to control the eutrophication downstream bodies of water. A Fe(III) coordinated amino-functionalized silicate adsorbent for phosphate adsorption was synthesized by a post-grafting and metal cation incorporation process. The surface structure of the adsorbent was characterized by X-ray di raction, N2 adsoropion/desoprotion technique, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified silicate material was 51.8 mg/g. The kinetic data from the adsorption of phosphate were fitted to pseudo second-order model. The phosphate adsorption was highly pH dependent and the relatively high removal of phosphate fell within the pH range 3.0–6.0. The coexistence of other anions in solutions has an adverse e ect on phosphate adsorption; a decrease in adsorption capacity followed the order of exogenous anions: F?? > SO2?? 4 > NO??3 > Cl??. In addition, the adsorbed phosphate could be desorbed by NaOH solutions. This silicate adsorbent with a large adsorption capacity and relatively high selectivity could be utilized for the removal of phosphate from aqueous waste streams or in aquatic environment.     

夏季东海生源硫的分布、通量及其对非海盐硫酸盐的贡献

对2012年6月东海表层海水中二甲基硫（DMS）、二甲巯基丙酸内盐（DMSP）和二甲亚砜（DMSO）的浓度分布特征及其影响因素进行了研究,并估算了DMS的海-气通量及其对大气气溶胶中非海盐硫酸盐（nss-SO₄^2-）的贡献率.结果表明,DMS、溶解态DMSP（DMSPd）、颗粒态DMSP（DMSPp）、溶解态DMSO（DMSOd）和颗粒态DMSO（DMSOp）的浓度平均值±标准偏差为（5.71±5.23）,（5.94±3.68）,（23.84±14.15）,（9.14±10.52）和（11.01±5.81）nmol/L.DMS、DMSP和DMSOp浓度均在28oN~29oN,122°E~123.5°E海域呈现高值中心,沿中心向外扩散降低,并且与叶绿素a（Chl-a）的分布趋势基本一致.除DMSOd外,3种二甲基硫化物与Chl-a表现出显著的相关性,表明浮游植物生物量是影响东海生源有机硫化物生产分布的关键因素.此外,夏季东海DMS海-气通量介于（0.93~101.02）μmol/（m²·d）,平均值±标准偏差为（18.13±21.42）μmol/（m²·d）.夏季东海生源硫释放对nss-SO₄^2-的贡献率仅为2.2%,表明人为排放是东海大气气溶胶中nss-SO₄^2-的主要来源.     

二甲基硫醚中试装置工程建设的HSE管理

在二甲基硫醚中试装置工程建设过程中。通过融入先进的HSE管理模式。评估出危害因素。并应用安全技术措施和手段使人、机、环境始终处于安全状态。从而控制人身、设备、职业卫生和污染事故的发生。     

充装可移动式容器时起火

如果您读过2009年第1期的“工艺安全警示灯”,你会发现本期的图片与上期是一样的！是的,本期讨论的,依然是同一事件。火灾发生在包装区域,当时正在向一个容积为300加仑的可移动式钢制储罐充装酯酸乙酯。     

自然型氨基酸及其钾盐的 CO2吸收和再生特性

在CO2吸收过程中,选择具有不挥发和不发生氧化降解特性的氨基酸盐吸收剂有助于降低吸收剂损失和减轻环境污染风险,故本研究以CO2吸收速率和再生速率为指标,对L-精氨酸和精氨酸钾（PA）吸收剂的CO2吸收性能和常压下热再生性能进行了实验分析,并研究了吸收剂质量分数、反应温度及吸收-再生循环次数对CO2吸收特性的影响,同时还与乙醇胺（MEA）、二乙醇胺（DEA）和三乙醇胺（TEA）进行了对比分析.结果表明,在实验的质量分数范围内,PA具有最高的CO2吸收速率和吸收能力,分别为24.5×10-3mol.（L.min）-1和1.99 mol.mol-1,比相同质量分数的MEA高2.1%和290.2%.温度影响结果表明,40℃时PA和MEA的CO2吸收速率均高于其他实验温度.相同再生条件下,PA的贫液CO2负荷要略高于MEA,但PA的再生程度可达72.8%,比MEA高19%.同时,3次＂吸收-再生＂循环之后,10%PA的CO2吸收能力仍可保持在1.03mol.mol-1,比10%MEA高255.2%.实验结果也表明,L-精氨酸具有较强的CO2吸收能力,其CO2吸收速率与同质量分数的DEA可比.     

二甲基亚硝胺消毒副产物的生成途径及其控制方法研究进展

二甲基亚硝胺(NDMA)是饮用水净化过程中产生的一类新型、微量、致癌消毒副产物。系统总结了二甲胺(DMA)生成NDMA的多种反应路径,包括亚硝化途径、偏二甲肼途径、氯化偏二甲肼途径等。进一步解析NDMA的前体物来源可知,药物及个人护理用品、微生物代谢物、水处理试剂及材料、管道附属材料等均可在一定条件下生成NDMA。采用前端控制技术(预氧化、物理吸附)、过程控制技术(工序优化)、末端治理技术(物理拦截、紫外降解、生物降解和金属还原)等均可在一定条件下降低出水中的NDAM浓度。