Anaerobic BTEX degradation in soil bioaugmented with mixed consortia under nitrate reducing conditions

Different concentrations of BTEX, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and three xylene isomers, were added into soil samples to investigate the anaerobic degradation potential by the augmented BTEX-adapted consortia under niwate reducing conditiom. All the BTEX substrates could be anaerobically biodegraded to non-detectable levels within 70 d when the initial concentrations were below 100 mg/kg in soil. Toluene was degraded faster than any other BTEX compounds, and the high-to-low order ofdegradation rates were toluene>ethylbenzene>m. xylene>o-xylene>benzene>P. xylene. Nitrite was accumulated with nitrate reduction. but the accumulation of nitrite had no inhibitory effect on the degradation of BTEX throughout the whole incubation. Indigenous bacteria in tIle soil could enhance the BTEX biodegradation ability of the enriched mixed bacteria. When the six BTEX compounds were simultaneously present in soil, there was no apparent inhibitory effect on their degradation with lower initial concentrations. Alternatively, benzene, o-xylene, and P-xylene degradation were inhibited with higher initial concentrations of 300 mg/kg. Higher BTEX biodegradation rates were observed in soil samples with the addition of sodium acetate compared to the presence of a single BTEX substrate. and the hypothesis of primary-substrate stimulation or cometabolic enhancement of BTEX biodegradation seems likely.     

2种改性活性炭对甲苯吸附性能的对比研究

利用微波、电炉加热对活性炭进行改性,并测定了改性前后不同种类活性炭对甲苯的吸附性能、表面酸碱官能团含量以及比表面积.结果表明,对于微波改性,随着改性温度升高,活性炭对甲苯的吸附量逐渐增大,表面碱性官能团含量也相应增加,比表面积相应减小.改性温度850℃时活性炭吸附甲苯性能最高,650℃与450℃改性后活性炭吸附甲苯的性能相差不大.电加热改性也具有类似的趋势,但对甲苯的吸附性能总体低于微波改性.扫描电镜表征显示,热改性去除了活性炭孔道内的杂质,使活性炭内部孔道更加通畅,有利于提高吸附甲苯的能力,但温度升高同样存在炭骨架收缩,孔道变窄的弊端.微波加热和电炉加热在原理和热传递方向上的不同.是导致改性结果之间差别的关键问题.     

水体BTEX污染对大型溞和霍普水丝蚓的毒性效应及水环境安全评价

以大型溞(daphnia magna)和霍普水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)为受试生物,研究了甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯等苯系物(BTEX)的水生生态毒性效应.结果表明,3种污染物对大型溞和霍普水丝蚓毒性影响呈明显的剂量-效应关系,且毒性作用随暴露时间延长而增加.水体中甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯污染对大型溞的24h EC50分别是172.1、50.1和63.6 mg·L-1,48h EC50分别是136.9、42.9和50.3 mg·L-1;对霍普水丝蚓的24hLC50分别是194.8、71.9和88.0 mg·L-1;48h LC50分别是185.2、46.8和75.6 mg·L-1;96h LC50分别是170.4、38.8和71.9 mg·L-1.根据3种污染物对2种受试生物的毒性试验结果,预测水体中甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯的安全浓度sc分别为13.7、3.9和5.0 mg·L-1,最大允许浓度MPC分别为1.4、0.4和0.5 mg·L-1.     

碳气凝胶复合TiO_2光催化降解甲苯研究

制备了碳气凝胶复合二氧化钛光催化剂,并利用此复合催化剂对挥发性有机污染物甲苯进行了光催化降解研究,考察了甲苯初始浓度、相对湿度、紫外光能量对降解效率的影响。     

Anaerobic biodegradation of benzene series compounds by mixed cultures based on optional electronic acceptors

A series of batch experiments were performed using mixed bacterial consortia to investigate biodegradation performance of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and three xylene isomers （BTEX） under nitrate, sulfate and ferric iron reducing conditions. The results showed that toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene and o-xylene could be degraded independently by the mixed cultures coupled to nitrate, sulfate and ferric iron reduction. Under ferric iron reducing conditions the biodegradation of benzene and p-xylene could be occurred only in the presence of other alkylbenzenes. Alkylbenzenes can serve as the primary subs＇rates to stimulate the transformation of benzene and p-xylene under anaerobic conditions. Benzene and p-xylene are more toxic than toluene and ethylbenzene, under the three terminal electron acceptors conditions, the degradation rates decreased with toluene 〉 ethylbenzene 〉 m-xylene 〉 o-xylene〉 benzene 〉 p- xylene. Nitrate was a more favorable electron acceptor compared to sulfate and ferric iron. The ratio between sulfate consumed and the loss of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene was 4.44, 4.51, 4.42, 4.32, 4.37 and 4.23, respectively; the ratio between nitrate consumed and the loss of these substrates was 7.53, 6.24, 6.49, 7.28, 7.81, 7.61, respectively; the ratio between the consumption of ferric iron and the loss of toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene was 17.99, 18.04, 18.07, 17.97, respectively.     

一起由竹夹板着火引起的爆炸事故分析及防范

分析了一起由竹夹板着火引起的空罐爆炸事故,事故原因是竹夹板被点燃后,燃烧产生大量一氧化碳、氢气和甲烷,从而引发了爆炸事故,提出了预防类似事故的措施.     

Simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide and toluene in a bioreactor: Performance and characteristics of microbial community

We investigated the correlation between performance and the bacteria community composition by H2S and toluene co-treatment. Operation of the bioreactor was divided into four stages, in which the inlet concentration of toluene and H2S were gradually increased. In Stage I, toluene was the sole target compound with an average removal e ciency of 86.49%. After adding H2S in Stage II, removal e ciency of toluene decreased immediately and recovered gradually to 85.96%. When the inlet concentration of toluene and H2S was increased in Stage III and Stage IV, respectively, the average removal e ciency for toluene increased continuously from 86.31% to 87.24%. The elimination capacities of toluene increased with increasing inlet loading rates of toluene and H2S. Results of the PCR-DGGE analysis showed a turnover growth and decline of the microbial populations in the bioreactor. In Stage I, the dominant toluene-degrading bacteria mainly contained Pseudomonas sp. strain PS+ and Hydrogenophaga sp. In Stage IV, however, the dominant toluene-degrading bacteria was aciduric bacteria (Clostridium populeti). The dominant microbial community in the bioreactor enhanced the elimination capacity of toluene, and adding H2S changed the environment of microbial growth, thus resulted in an evolution of dominant microorganisms. Analyses of microbial community and their activities provides valuable information to e ciently enhance simultaneous removal of toluene and H2S in the bioreactor.     

Co3O4纳米棒的制备及其对气相甲苯的催化氧化

采用低温水热法制备棒状纳米结构的Co3O4,通过加入少量的表面活性剂（聚乙烯吡咯烷酮简称PVP）,在95℃下低温反应,并调控制备过程的老化时间、溶液的pH这2个因素合成了棒状Co3O4纳米结构.X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）表明制得的是呈立方晶体的Co3O4纳米棒,氢气程序升温还原（H2-TPR）、N2吸附脱附等表征手段表明老化时间和pH会影响Co3 O4纳米棒的尺寸、孔隙结构,进而影响其比表面积大小.采用气相甲苯作为目标物,运用气相色谱（GC）对Co3 O4的催化性能进行研究.结果表明在该实验中,调控老化时间和pH制得的Co3O4纳米棒只影响其低温降解效果,在温度低于260℃,活性最好的是pH=9,老化时间为12 h的催化剂;当温度高于260℃后,其降解曲线基本一致.     

污泥活性炭的制备及对甲苯吸附性能研究

以城市污水厂脱水污泥为原料,采用ZnCl2化学活化法,通过添加适量锯末(SAC-W)或椰壳(SAC-C)制备出不同污泥活性炭,其比表面积分别为450.3 m2/g和539.4 m2/g,比纯污泥活性炭的比表面积增加了31.63%和57.67%。将污泥活性炭和选用的煤质活性炭(CAC)用于甲苯动态吸附实验,研究不同活性炭的吸附性能。结果表明,在相同的甲苯初始浓度下,平衡吸附量大小顺序为SAC-C>CAC>SAC-W,污泥活性炭表现较好的吸附性能。对污泥活性炭进行理化性能分析,发现中孔和化学吸附作用对吸附量增加有一定贡献。污泥活性炭的吸附平衡与Langmuir方程拟合较好,相关系数R2为0.995。     

甲苯二次萃取-直接测汞法快速测定海产品中的甲基汞

建立了甲苯二次萃取-直接测汞的方法对生物样品中的甲基汞进行分析测定.样品经氢溴酸水解、甲苯萃取、L-半胱氨酸反萃取等前处理,应用DMA-80直接测汞仪测定.对甲基汞鱼肉标准物质(GBW 10029)和贻贝标准物质(SRM 2976)的实测结果显示,测定值与标准参考值的相对误差小于4%,测定值的相对标准偏差小于2%,甲基...