阴离子对UV/H2O2/微曝气工艺降解双酚A 的影响

试验研究了水中典型阴离子对UV/H₂O₂/微曝气工艺降解内分泌干扰物双酚A 的影响.结果表明,随着HCO₃^-和NO₃^-浓度的增大,BPA的降解速率下降,当HCO₃^-浓度增加到400mg/L 时,反应常数(k)从0.1613min-1 降低到0.0804min^-1;当NO₃^-的浓度增加到800mg/L 时, k 值降低到0.1107min^-1;而SO₄²-和Cl-浓度在一定范围内增加时,有利于BPA 的降解,当SO₄²-的浓度为800mg/L 左右时,对降解促进作用最大, k 值增加到0.1814min-1;当Cl-的浓度为400mg/L 左右时, k 值增加到0.1772min-1,但是当浓度继续增加时,BPA 的降解速度将降低.4 种离子对BPA 的降解影响大小顺序为HCO₃^-> NO₃^->SO₄²->Cl-.     

盐分对粉壤土氮转化的影响

采用室内恒温通气培养法,以北京地区耕作层典型粉壤土为对象,研究盐分对土壤氮素矿化和硝化的影响.实验设置了4个不同盐分〔以ρ（NaCl）计,分别为20,30,50和80 mg/L〕处理和对照处理,并在硝化实验的土壤中加入一定量的（NH₄）₂SO₄,分别在30 ℃恒温培养箱中进行为期105 d（矿化）和49 d（硝化）的培养实验.结果表明:在初期的培养中,低盐分有利于土壤氮素转化,ρ（NaCl）为20 mg/L的处理分别比对照处理的累积矿化量和累积硝化量多18.21%和1.87%;而在长期培养过程中,高盐分不利于土壤氮素转化,且ρ（NaCl）越高抑制越明显,其对土壤氮素矿化和硝化的抑制率达到67.92%和62.58%;土壤矿化势和硝化势随w（NaCl）分别呈指数递减,矿化速率常数和硝化速率常数与土壤中w（NaCl）为二次函数关系.      

膨润土对土壤腐殖质特性的影响

砂质土壤腐殖质含量低,影响了土壤肥力.文章通过田间条件下砂滤管试验,利用膨润土的吸附和粘结功能,研究了膨润土不同用量对土壤腐殖质特性的影响.结果表明:膨润土在促进松结态腐殖质分解、加速紧结态腐殖质合成方面发挥了重要作用,有利于增加土壤系统的内稳性.施用膨润土促进了紧结态和稳结态腐殖质中HA的积累,提高了HA/FA比.胡敏酸红外吸收光谱表明,膨润土能使其脂肪族物质增多、芳化度降低.膨润土具有提高土壤腐殖质含量,改善土壤腐殖质特性,从而提高了土壤肥力.     

疏水性石油烃降解菌细胞表面疏水性及降解特性

从石油污染的土壤中分离纯化得到3株能以石油为唯一碳源和能源生长的石油烃降解菌,分别命名为HDB-1、HDB-2、HDB-3,并采用微生物粘着碳烃化合物法(MATH)对3株菌株的细菌表面疏水性及其环境影响因子进行研究.结果表明:二甲苯-水两相体系适用于3种细菌表面疏水性研究;HDB-1、HDB-2、HDB-3的疏水性分别为68.8%、57.4%、64.1%;随培养时间、碳源的不同和温度、pH的改变,细菌表面疏水性均发生不同程度变化;6d后初始含油量为1000mg/L的培养液的去除率分别为91.6%、64.5%、79.8%.结果还表明,细菌的细胞表面疏水性与其在环境中对有机污染物的降解呈一定的相关性,疏水性大的细菌对疏水性有机物的降解速度较疏水性小的快.     

Purified terephthalic acid wastewater biodegradation and toxicity

The biodegradation and toxicity of the purified terephthalic acid（PTA） processing wastewater was researched at NJYZ pilot with the fusant strain Fhhh in the carrier activated sludge process（ CASP）. Sludge loading rate（SLR） for Fhhh to COD of the wastewater was 1.09 d^-1 and to PTA in the wastewater was 0.29 d^-1. The results of bioassay at the pilot and calculation with software Ebis3 showed that the 48h-LC50 （median lethal concentration） to Daphnia magna for the PTA concentration in the wastewater was only 1/10 of that for the chemical PTA. There were .5 kinds of benzoate pollutants and their toxicities existing in the wastewater at least. The toxicity parameter value of the pure chemical PTA cannot be used to predicate the PTA wastewater toxicity. The toxicity of the NJYZ PTA wastewater will be discussed in detail in this paper.     

Photodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds in aqueous solutions in the UV/H2O2 process

Photodegradation of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols in aqueous solutions by means of UV/H2 O2 process was studied in the Rayox batch reactors. Three nitrophenol isomers were identified as main photoproducts in the irradiated NB aqueous solutions. The distribution of nitrophenol isomers follows the order p-〉 m-〉 o-nitrophenol. Other intermediates detected include nitrohydroquinone, nitrocatechol, catechol, benzoquinone, phenol, nitrate/nitrite ions, formic acid, glyoxylic acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid and some aliphatic ketones and aldehydes. The degradation of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols at initial stages follows the first-order kinetics and the decay rate constants for nitrobenzene（NB） are around l0^-3-10^-2 s^-1 and for nitrophenols are around 10^-2 s^-1. The decomposition of H2 O2 in the presence of NB and each nitrophenol isomers follows zero-order kinetics. The quantum yields at initial stages for NB decay were estimated around 0.30 to 0.36, and for NPs decay is around 0.31-0.54.     

Adsorption of dyes onto activated carbon prepared from olive stones

Activated carbon was produced from olive stones（OSAC） by a physical process in two steps. The adsorption character of this activated carbon was tested on three colour dyes molecules in aqueous solution： Methylene blue（MB）, Rhodamine B（RB） and Congo Red（CR）. The adsorption equilibrium was studied through isotherms construction at 30℃, which were well described by Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity on the OSAC was estimated to be 303 mg/g, 217 mg/g and 167 mg/g respectively for MB, RB and CR. This activated carbon has a similar adsorption properties to that of commercial ones and show the same adsorption performances. The adsorption kinetics of the MB molecule in aqueous solution at different initial concentrations by OSAC was also studied. Kinetic experiments were well fitted by a simple intra-particle diffusion model. The measured kinetics constant was influenced by the initial concentration and we found the following correlation： Kid = 1.55 C0^0.51.     

固定化微生物技术处理石油石化废水研究进展

固定化微生物技术作为一种新兴的生物处理技术,具有生物活性较高、固液易于分离、处理效率高等优点,已经在各种有机废水领域得到广泛应用,近年来其在处理石油石化废水的研究也不断深入。综述了不同载体材料的特点、结构与固定化性能,载体材料固定细菌的作用机制,固定化微生物技术处理石油石化废水进展及去除石油污染物的微观机制,并对其在实际应用中存在问题和今后研究方向进行了探讨,为固定化微生物技术的工业化应用提供指导。     

绿化植物对城市空气悬浮颗粒物消减效应的研究进展

空气颗粒物对城市环境质量和人群健康的影响越来越受到社会各界的关注和重视,绿化植物能通过捕获、滞留和吸收等各种方式对空气颗粒物起到消减作用.本文在对绿化植物对空气颗粒物消减机制阐述的基础上,比较分析了不同形态特征和生态习性的绿化植物以及不同配置结构的城市绿地对空气颗粒物的消减差异,最后对未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

膜曝气-生物膜反应器生物强化处理阿特拉津废水运行性能

在疏水SPG(shirasu porous glass)膜表面形成基因工程菌生物膜,构建SPG膜曝气-生物膜反应器(MABR)生物强化处理阿特拉津废水,考察MABR反应器稳定运行过程中污染物去除性能及其影响因素.结果表明,增大SPG膜孔径和曝气压力,能够提高曝气供氧能力,改善COD和阿特拉津生物强化去除效能.1.5μm疏水SPG膜在70 k Pa曝气压力下的最大供氧能力约为22.4 g·(m~2·d)~(-1).曝气压力为70 k Pa、水力停留时间(HRT)为1.5 h时,1.5μm膜MABR反应器COD平均去除率为80.1%,平均去除负荷为1.86 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1);阿特拉津平均去除率为62.5%,平均去除负荷为0.18 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1).进一步缩短HRT、增加进水负荷后,MABR反应器DO浓度显著下降,COD和阿特拉津去除效率大幅降低.DO浓度对阿特拉津去除的影响更为显著.随着MABR反应器的稳定运行,SPG膜表面单一基因工程菌生物膜逐渐演化为复杂微生物群落,但基因工程菌可以较好地存在于生物膜内,从而保持阿特拉津生物强化去除能力.