聚合硫酸铁除磷效果及藻类的生理生态响应

通过添加聚合硫酸铁(PSFe)降低水体中的活性磷,对水体中磷浓度、藻类生物量、碱性磷酸酶活性(APA)、类胡萝卜素/叶绿素a(Car/Chl.a)等指标随时间变化的情况进行了研究.结果表明,添加PSFe后,活性磷(RSP)迅速下降,藻类生物量和Car/Chl.a在短期内并没有显著变化.总碱性磷酸酶活性(TAPA)则随着RSP的下降而迅速升高,溶解性碱性磷酸酶活性(DAPA)上升幅度较小.结果表明,PSFe是一种优良高效的除磷剂,水体中TAPA、DAPA对RSP变化敏感,能在一定程度上指示水体中磷的变化.     

Effects of overlying water aeration on phosphorus fractions and alkaline phosphatase activity in surface sediment

Microbial activity may influence phosphorus (P) deposit and release at the water sediment interface. The properties of DO (dissolved oxygen), pH, P fractions (TP, Ca-P, Fe-P, OP, IP), and APA (alkaline phosphatase activity) at the water sediment interface were measured to investigate microbial activity variations in surface sediment under conditions of two-month intermittent aeration in overlying water. Results showed that DO and TP of overlying water increased rapidly in the first week and then decreased gradually after 15 day of intermittent aeration. Microorganism metabolism in surface sediment increased pH and decreased DO and TP in the overlying water. After two-month intermittent aeration, APA and OP from surface sediment (0–2 cm) were both significantly higher than those from bottom sediment (6–8 cm) (p < 0.05), and surface sediment Fe-P was transferred to OP during the course of microorganism reproduction on the surface sediment. These results suggest that microbial activity and microorganism biomass from the surface sediment were higher than those from bottom sediment after two-month intermittent aeration in the overlying water.     

碱性土壤锌镉比对小麦籽粒镉积累的影响

我国北方地区小麦镉(Cd)污染形势严峻.土壤锌(Zn)与Cd存在显著的交互作用,但两者关系尚不明确.本研究通过区域调查及大田实验,探究了北方碱性小麦土壤锌镉比(Zn/Cd)与小麦籽粒Cd含量的相关关系.结果表明,土壤Zn/Cd与小麦籽粒Cd含量显著负相关.施加硫酸锌(增Zn)及深翻耕措施(降Zn)均能显著提高土壤Zn/Cd,并降低小麦籽粒Cd含量.其中,增施100 mg·kg^-1的Zn²⁺,可将土壤Zn/Cd增加61.2%,并使小麦籽粒Cd含量降低9.28%;将土壤0~30 cm及30~60 cm土层互换的深翻耕措施,可将土壤Zn/Cd增加45.8%,并使小麦籽粒Cd含量降低13.5%.综合区域调查及大田实验数据,发现当土壤Zn/Cd小于50时,小麦籽粒Cd含量全部超标且有98.4%的样品超标1倍以上;而当土壤Zn/Cd大于100时,小麦籽粒Cd含量超标风险显著降低至11.9%.该阈值的确定对于小麦Cd污染防治具有指导意义.