磷石膏的改性及其在水泥生产中的应用

研究了磷石膏的改性方法及改性磷石膏在水泥生产中的应用，结果表明，通过改性，可将磷石膏中对水泥有害的杂质转化为难溶性，并能改善磷石膏中硫酸钙的溶解性能，改性磷石膏可以替代天然石膏用于水泥生产。     

岛屿生境下苦槠丛枝菌根(AM)与根际土壤磷酸酶活性的相关性研究

以浙江千岛湖典型生境片断化区域苦槠(Castanopsis sclerophylla)为材料,研究了水库形成后岛屿化导致的群落生境差异对苦槠AM侵染率的影响以及AM侵染率与根际土壤磷酸酶活性的相关性.结果表明,以生境面积为因子进行单因素方差分析,则不同岛屿生境对苦槠AM侵染率影响差异不显著;但以Pearson相关性分析,AM侵染率与岛屿面积之间呈显著负相关.苦槠根际土壤酸性磷酸酶活性在中岛、大岛与陆地间差异显著,但与AM侵染率之间无显著相关性.     

Arsenic removal from contaminated soil using phosphoric acid and phosphate

Laboratory batch experiments were conducted to study arsenic （As） removal from a naturally contaminated soil using phosphoric acid （H3PO4） and potassium dihydrogen phosphate （KHEPO4）. Both H3PO4 and KHEPO4 proved to reduce toxicity of the soil in terms of soil As content, attaining more than 20% As removal at a concentration of 200 mmol/L. At the same time, acidification of soil and dissolution of soil components （Ca, Mg, and Si） resulted from using these two extractants, especially H3PO4. The effectiveness of these two extractants could be attributed to the replacement of As by phosphate ions （PO4^3-）. The function of H3PO4 as an acid to dissolve soil components had little effects on As removal. KH2PO4 almost removed as much As as H3PO4, but it did not result in serious damage to soils, indicating that it was a more promising extractant. The results of a kinetic study showed that As removal reached equilibrium after incubation for 360 rain, but dissolution of soil components, especially Mg and Ca, was very rapid. Therefore dissolution of soil components would be inevitable if As was further removed. Elovich model best described the kinetic data of As removal among the four models used in the kinetic study.     

SO2吸入对小鼠组织谷胱甘肽氧化还原系统的影响

从SO2吸入对雄性小鼠组织谷胱甘肽氧化还原系统中的抗氧化酶谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)和葡萄糖6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)以及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和脂质过氧化物(TBARS)的影响探讨SO2的毒性作用机理.将昆明种纯系雄性小鼠60只随机分成3大组,每组20只,每一大组再随机分成SO2吸入组和对照组(SO2吸入组10只,对照组10只).吸入组吸入SO2浓度分别为(22±2)mg/m3,(64±3)mg/m3和(148±23)mg/m3.分别检测其脑、肺、心、肝、肾组织中GST、G6PD的活性以及GSH、TBARS的含量变化.当SO2浓度为(148±23)mg/m3时,脑、肺、心、肝、肾组织中GST和G6PD活性以及GSH含量均比对照组达到极显著(P<0.01)或显著降低(P<0.05),而脑和肺、心、肝、肾组织中TBARS水平则是显著(P<0.05)或极显著升高(P<0.01),且各指标与SO2浓度间有显著的剂量依赖关系.SO2吸入可使谷胱甘肽氧化还原系统中的关键性酶GST和G6PD活性发生显著降低,可使抗氧化物质GSH含量显著下降,而脂质过氧化物TBARS则显著升高,最终使谷胱甘肽氧化还原系统发生大的变化,导致氧化损伤.图2表2参16     

磷酸镁水泥固化放射性核素90Sr的影响因素研究

研究了磷酸镁水泥性能、温度、p H、龄期和沸石掺量对磷酸镁水泥固化体中90Sr浸出率的影响,并采用XRD及扫描电镜探讨了磷酸镁水泥固化体的物相和微观结构.试验结果表明:磷酸镁水泥固化体浸出率随磷酸镁水泥强度的增加而减小;低温条件对磷酸镁水泥固化核素90Sr影响明显;酸性环境中磷酸镁水泥受腐蚀状况严重,浸出率和累计浸出分数相对较高;空气养护7 d成型的磷酸镁水泥固化体强度可达58.9MPa,并具有良好的对核素~(90)Sr固化效果;掺加沸石可以降低磷酸镁水泥固化体浸出率.     

中低品位磷矿的合理开发与利用

介绍了我国磷矿资源的分布和利用现状,总结了目前国内外利用中低品位磷矿制取磷酸的新技术,其中包括窑法磷酸技术、盐酸法处理磷矿技术和新型湿法磷酸技术的工艺概况、特点及其优势所在.在此基础上,对我国磷化工行业合理开发利用中低品位磷矿资源提出了建议.     

细菌加污水等于清水加电流?

正人类的能源越来越短缺,开发新能源成为当今最重要课题,各种设计发明不断出现,科学家预言,21世纪将是细菌发电造福人类的时代。在不久前发布的《2014世界最具影响力的科研精英》报告中,展示了最新的全球最具影响力的研究人员(亦称为"高被引科研人员")名单,浙江大学能源工程学院教授成少安入选环境与生态学科的"高被引科学家",入选原因则是他"驯化"了成千上万细菌,使它们能利用污水来发电。     

Mineralization of aqueous pentachlorophenolate by anodic contact glow discharge electrolysis

Exhaustive mineralization of pentachlorophenolate ion (PCP) in phosphate buffer was carried out using anodic contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE), in which plasma was sustained between the electrolyte and anode. During CGDE, PCP degraded smoothly. The amount of total organic carbon decreased significantly, indicating the eventual conversion of the carbon atoms of benzene nucleus to inorganic carbons. Furthermore, chlorine atoms in PCP were liberated as chloride ions. As a primary intermediate product, 2,3,5,6- tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone was detected, and oxalate and formate as byproducts were also found. It was revealed that disappearance of PCP obeyed first-order kinetics. The reaction rate was generally unaffected by both O2 and inert gases in the cell, although it decreased by raising initial pH of solution. In addition, a plausible reaction pathway involving hydroxyl radical was proposed.     

非平衡等离子体治理有机含磷气体的实验研究

采用脉冲电晕放电产生的等离子体对沙林毒剂的模拟剂甲基磷酸二甲酯进行消除研究.着重进行了脉冲峰压、脉冲频率、初始质量浓度、气体流量等对消除率的影响实验.结果发现,消除率随脉冲峰压和脉冲频率的增加而提高,随气体流量和初始质量浓度的增大而降低.同时发现产物中含有C02、H2O、丙酸、甲基磷酸甲酯和磷酸(或P2O5)等物质.     

乙酸仲丁酯生产过程的集成设计与优化

以乙酸和混合C_4反应过程作为考察对象,利用过程强化技术为指导方法,研究热泵与反应分隔壁塔集成制备乙酸仲丁酯的可行性与先进性,并建立过程模拟流程;然后,以经济效益、环境效益和系统鲁棒性为优化目标函数,利用多目标遗传算法获取该强化构型的最优工艺设计参数,得到最小年总费用、二氧化碳排放量和条件数分别为4.338×10~5$·a~(-1)、499.020 kg·h~(-1)和13.786。该研究可为乙酸仲丁酯生产过程提供一种新的设计思路和数据参考。