Cu暴露条件下翡翠贻贝（Perna viridis）消化腺内金属和类金属硫蛋白的变化

通过室内急性暴露实验研究了翡翠贻贝（Perna viridis）消化腺富集Cu及其MTLP （metallothionein like protein）水平随时间的变化规律.结果表明,2种Cu浓度暴露条件下（12.7 μg/L和63.5 μg/L）,贻贝消化腺内Cu的平均吸收速率分别为2.045和7.028 μg·（g·d）^-1,富集系数分别为2 074和1 619.实验测定了所有样本的溶解态Cu与总Cu含量,2个暴露组二者的比值随时间呈现出不同的变化趋势,低浓度组先降低随后上升到与对照样本几乎相同的水平,而高浓度组一直呈下降趋势,表明不同污染程度生物体内金属消化机制进程存在差异.利用Brdicka极谱法测定了贻贝消化腺内MTLP的含量,对照组贻贝消化腺的MTLP平均含量为（0.551±0.037）mg/g;12.7 μg/L Cu暴露组MTLP含量随时间的变化范围是0.407～0.699 mg/g,而63.5 μg/L Cu暴露组在暴露初始MTLP水平就显著增加（p<0.001）,变化范围由初始0.942 mg/g降至0.826 mg/g.分析结果表明贻贝消化腺内的MTLP水平随着水体及生物体内的金属含量升高而增加,并与体内Cu浓度成明显的负指数增长关系（p<0.000 1）.     

Comparing results of cultured and uncultured biological methods used in biological phosphorus removal

Increasing attention has been paid to phosphate-accumulating organisms(PAOs)for their important role in biological phosphorus removal.In this study,microbial communities of PAOs cultivated under different carbon sources(sewage,glucose,and sodium acetate) were investigated and compared through culture-dependent and culture-independent methods,respectively.The results obtained using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rDNA fragments revealed that the diversity of bacteria in a sewage-fed reactor(1#)was much higher than in a glucose-fed one(2#)and a sodium acetate-fed one(3#);there were common PAOs in three reactors fed by different carbon sources.Five strains were separated from three systems by using a phosphate- rich medium;they were from common bacteria isolated and three isolates could not be found in DGGE profile at all.Two isolates had good phosphorus removal ability.When the microbial diversity was studied,the molecular biological method was better than the culture-dependent one.When phosphorus removal characteristics were investigated,culture-dependent approach was more effective. Thus a combination of two methods is necessary to have a comprehensive view of PAOs.     

城区飞散致敏花粉与大气细/超细颗粒物的协同生物效应研究

城市大气颗粒物污染和致敏花粉的污染已经对人群健康和城市空气质量产生了较为严重的影响.这2种污染物的协同生物效应正在成为大气环境科学、环境毒理学、免疫学等学科研究的前沿和热点研究领域.以上海大气中的细/超细颗粒物和日本关东地区致敏花粉(柳杉)为例,阐述了大气细/超细颗粒物的表征以及花粉致敏的过程.在研究中,观察到了日本柳杉花粉壁附着有直径0.7μm的含变应原蛋白的微粒(Ubisch body),并用ELISA法揭示了日本关东地区大气颗粒物中含变应原蛋白的颗粒主要分布在1μm的粒径范围内;而在上海大气颗粒物中,化学元素总量的最大值出现在细/超细粒径颗粒物(0.3～0.18μm)范围,污染元素S和Pb的质量浓度在超细(纳米尺度)/细颗粒物中比在其他粒径范围颗粒物中要高,另外还发现在上海大气颗粒物中有植物花粉的存在.城市大气颗粒物中的主要组分,柴油机车尾气颗粒物(DEPs)与飞散花粉之间存在协同生物效应,但其机制和过程还不清楚,在最新研究成果的基础上并结合国内外相关研究领域的进展,对飞散花粉与大气细/超细颗粒物的协同生物效应的研究进行了总结并提出今后研究的方向.     

Phosphate removal from wastewater by model-La（Ⅲ） zeolite adsorbents

Phosphorus is one of the primary nutrients which leads to eutrophication and accelerates aging process in enclosed water bodies. Because of the poor phosphorus selectivity of other adsorbents, the novel La(III)-modified zeolite adsorbent (LZA) was prepared by modifying 90 nm zeolite with lanthanide to selectively remove phosphate in the presence of various omnipresent anions, such as sulfates, bicarbonates, and chlorides. Through batch and fixed bed operation, the following optimum conditions were obtained: concentration of lanthanum chloride solution 0.05 mol/L; solid/liquor ratio 1/25; pH 10; calcination temperature 550℃; time 1 h. The value of the Freundlich model constants Kf and 1/n were found to be 16.76 mg/L and 0.2209, respectively. In addition, when calculated at pH 6.0, distribution coe cient KD could be as high as 36.6. Furthermore, in the alkaline pH range, solution of 0.8 mol/L NaCl was used to regenerate the saturated LZA, which could reach the high regeneration e ciency as high as 100%. Because of the good selectivity and regenerability of LZA, it might serve as a potential way for advanced phosphate removal from the sewage containing other anions.     

光芬顿法处理次磷酸盐同步回收磷性能及参数研究

本研究构建了以模拟太阳光(AM 1.5,100 mW·cm^-2)为光源的光芬顿体系，研究了对化学镀镍废水中次磷酸盐(H₂PO₂^-)的氧化且同步回收磷(P)，比较了单独H₂O₂、模拟太阳光和H₂O₂联用、H₂O₂与FeSO₄联用(芬顿法)、模拟太阳光和芬顿法联用(光芬顿法)对H₂PO₂^-的氧化效果.结果表明光芬顿法效果最优，能够高效氧化H₂PO₂^-为PO₄^-的同时在一定条件下以磷酸铁(FePO₄)沉淀形式回收P.考察了不同H₂O₂浓度、H₂O₂投加次数、溶液初始pH值、...     

转运蛋白在细菌吸附铜(Ⅱ)中的作用机理研究

为研究转运蛋白在细菌响应铜(Ⅱ)胁迫中发挥的作用，从Transporter Classification Database(TCDB)数据库中检索得到嗜根寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas rhizophila)JC1基因组中4个参与Cu(Ⅱ)吸附、转运和外排的转运蛋白，并对其结构和功能进行分析。此外，研究菌株JC1对不同质量浓度的Cu²⁺的吸附能力和耐受能力，并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能量色散X射线光谱仪(EDS)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)分别分析Cu²⁺胁迫后，菌株JC1的形态学、元素组成和官能团的变化。结果显示，菌株JC1可耐受Cu²⁺的质量浓度为160 mg/L,但对120 mg/L Cu²⁺有最大吸附率，为72.3%。经Cu²⁺胁迫后，菌株JC1光滑的杆状结构消失，表面褶皱、呈短杆状，且其元素组成中出现了3个Cu²⁺吸收峰。FT-IR分析结果表明，—OH、—C—O和—C—C等官能团在菌株JC1胞外吸附Cu²⁺     

辣椒果实高中低镉积型对镉的富集、转运特性及在亚细胞分布特点比较

基于前期试验对91 个辣椒品种资源筛选并开展了 26 个辣椒品种全生育期土培试验基础上,挑选出1 个辣椒果实高积Cd品种(X15)、1个果实中积Cd品种(X39)和2个果实低积Cd品种(X45和X55),采用盆栽试验结合室内分析研究了在0、5 和10 mg·kg-1 Cd胁迫下辣椒果实不同积Cd 型对Cd 的富集、转运...