钒镉复合污染对水稻吸收积累镉、钒和磷的影响

采用溶液培养法研究钒与镉复合污染对水稻生长及其吸收积累镉的影响,以便弄清在钒与镉复合污染条件下水稻的生长情况.试验结果表明,钒镉复合污染可影响水稻的生长发育.在培养液镉浓度(1 0mg·L-1)不变的情况下,随着溶液中钒浓度的增加,水稻根长、根系和茎叶的干重不断减少.当溶液中钒浓度达到1 6mg·L-1和3 2mg·L-1时,水稻茎叶和根系干重减少分别达到显著水平(p<0 05).钒镉复合污染也影响水稻植株对磷、钒和镉的吸收与积累.当培养液中镉浓度不变时,随着溶液中钒浓度的增加,水稻根系和茎叶中的磷浓度不断降低,而钒含量却不断提高,根系比茎叶积累更多的钒.此外,钒可抑制水稻植株对镉的吸收与积累.     

水稻土中挥发性含硫气体的释放

通过建立野外采样系统,对一个生长周期内水稻土释放的挥发性含硫气体进行了检测.研究结果表明:水稻土中释放的含硫气体主要为COS、CS₂和DMS,并有少量的DMDS.估算出的各含硫气体的释放通量分别为81.11、6.33和10.71 mg·(m²·a)^-1.我国水稻土释放含硫气体的通量为(S)0.013662 Tg/a,全球为(S)0.07992Tg/a     

浅谈土锅炉的危害及治理

本文分析了近几年土锅炉的存在原因及爆炸事故,阐述了土锅炉的危害及以预防措施。     

土-结构相互作用对铅芯橡胶支座隔震结构的影响

利用有限元方法,将隔震结构、基础和土体作为一个整体系统进行分析,研究了不同土性土-结构相互作用对基底地震动输入和隔震体系动力特性与地震响应的影响.分析结果表明,土-结构相互作用对基础隔震结构存在影响,因而在工程设计中,隔震结构不应忽略土-结构相互作用效应的影响.     

模拟酸雨对水稻叶片质膜H~+-ATPase与质膜过氧化的影响

在水培条件下研究酸雨(pH值为2.5~5.5)对水稻叶片质膜过氧化与H+-ATPase活性的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,pH≥3.5酸雨处理下的水稻叶片质膜H+-ATPase活性、质膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(pH=3.5下CAT活性除外)无显著变化(p0.05);pH≤3.0处理组质膜H+-ATPase活性随酸雨pH值降低呈先升后降趋势,其余指标随pH值降低而增大,表明质膜H+-ATPase活性受抑使质膜过氧化加剧。在恢复期,pH≥3.5处理组各指标仍无显著变化(p0.05);pH=3.0组各指标变幅减小,H+-ATPase与CAT活性恢复至CK(对照),表明植物自修复使质膜过氧化减轻;pH=2.5组H+-ATPase活性仍低于CK,质膜透性和MDA含量不仅高于CK且高于胁迫期,表明质膜H+-ATPase活性受抑使质膜过氧化持续。在高强度酸雨(pH≤3.0)的胁迫下,水稻叶片质膜H+-ATPase活性的变化与质膜过氧化程度密切相关。     

转基因水稻风险评价中的无知和理性

转基因水稻风险评价涉及两个方面：在科学方面,公众很大程度上是无知的．需要科普。不过,这样的科普应是全面的．正反两方面的。在非科学方面,公众对转基因水稻的认识不是无知的和非理性的．而是依循“有限理性原则”．根据其安全感知文化、国家政治文化、种植经济文化、传统饮食文化、生命伦理文化或宗教文化等,来进行的社会文化评价和决策。如果看不到这一点．而一味用科学评价来裁决、遮盖非科学评价,是用科学排斥人文,剥夺了公众参与评价和决策的权利．是科学理性和人文民主缺乏的表现。     

人工冻结法调控多年冻土区桩基础地温场的效果分析*

为了解决青藏铁路运营过程中,由于多年冻土地基的升温退化,部分多年冻土区桥梁桩基础承载性能下降,产生有害沉降变形,进而造成桥梁上部结构移位破坏,甚至部分桥梁桩基础在短时间内产生较大的沉降变形这一严重问题。基于当前多年冻土区桥梁桩基础沉降病害快速抢修技术空缺,提出人工冻结技术处置多年冻土区桥梁桩基础沉降病害的新设想,利用数值软件建立冻结管-桩基础三维模型分析该技术的可行性与调控效果,分析冻结参数、场地冻土条件等对冻结效果的影响。研究结果表明:人工冻结法可以快速降低桩周多年冻土温度;同时,冻结96 h可以对桩基地温场起到较好的冷却效果;冻结管至桩的距离对冻结效果的影响最为显著,冻土的含冰量越大,则降温速率越慢。     

Response of the grain yield and quality of hybrid rice to weak light stress北大核心CSCD

In this study, three rice varieties, Byou268 (low light-sensitive type), Nei5you768 (intermediate type), and Yixiangyou1108 (low light-tolerant), were used as experimental materials to investigate the yield and quality responses of different rice varieties to low light stress under normal light (CK) and low light (SH). The results showed the following: (1) Compared with normal light, the decrease in Yixiangyou1108’s 1 000-grain weight, grain number per spike, and seed setting rate under low light treatment were much lower than those of Nei5you768 and Byou268. The yield decline of Yixiangyou1108 (46.5%) was significantly lower than that of Nei5you768 (56.5%) and Byou268 (69.8%). Yixiangyou1108 showed strong tolerance to low light stress in terms of 1 000-grain weight, seed setting rate, grain number per panicle, and yield. (2) Compared with normal light, the reduction in grain length and width of Yixiangyou1108 under low-light treatment was significantly greater than that of Byou268; however, the reduction in the length-width ratio did not reach a significant level. The amylose content and gel consistency of the rice were significantly reduced. The reduction in amylose content of Yixiangyou1108 (24.5%) was significantly lower than that of Nei5you768 (28.1%) and Byou268 (30.6%); however, the decrease in gel consistency of Yixiangyou1108 (14.7%) was significantly higher than that of Nei5you768 (9.8%) and Byou268 (8.1%). After low light treatment, the characteristic values of the RVA curve of rice changed. The peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity of Yixiangyou1108, Nei5you768, and Byou268 were significantly decreased, but the cold glue viscosity and setback viscosity were significantly increased, while there was no significant difference in the peak time and peak temperature. The response of 1 000-grain weight, grain number per spike, and seed setting rate under low light stress can be used as a yield index of rice breeding with low light tolerance; rice grain type, amylose, and gel consistency; and peak viscosity and hot paset viscosity in RVA characteristic values can be used as quality indexes of low-light-tolerant rice material breeding. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.