Adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions from industrial effluents using activated carbon derived from waste coconut buttons

Removal of heavy metal ions from industrial effluents by the activated carbon prepared by steam activation of waste coconut buttons through batch adsorption process.     

Distribution and spectral characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in a coastal bay in northern China

The absorption spectra of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM),along with general physical,chemical and biological variables,were determined in the Bohai Bay,China,in the springs of 2011 and 2012. The absorption coefficient of CDOM at 350 nm(a350) in surface water ranged from 1.00 to 1.83 m-1(mean: 1.35 m-1) in May 2011 and from 0.78 to 1.92 m-1(mean:1.19 m-1) in April 2012. Little surface-bottom difference was observed due to strong vertical mixing. The a350 was weakly anti-correlated to salinity but positively correlated to chlorophyll a(Chl-a) concentration. A shoulder over 260–290 nm,suggestive of biogenic molecules,superimposed the overall pattern of exponentially decreasing CDOM absorption with wavelength. The wavelength distribution of the absorption spectral slope manifested a pronounced peak at ca. 300 nm characteristic of algal-derived CDOM. All a250/a365 ratios exceeded 6,corresponding to CDOM molecular weights(Mw) of less than 1 kDa. Spectroscopically,CDOM in the Bohai Bay differed substantively from that in the Haihe River,the bay's dominant source of land runoff; photobleaching of the riverine CDOM enlarged the difference.Results point to marine biological production being the principal source of CDOM in the Bohai Bay during the sampling seasons. Relatively low runoff,fast dilution,and selective photodegradation are postulated to be among the overarching elements responsible for the lack of terrigenous CDOM signature in the bay water.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定生活饮用水中铊

本文应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（GF～AAs）测定生活饮用水中新增金属检测项目铊。通过一系列试验得出仪器检出限0．025ug／L,线性范围0—50ug／L。回收率91．5％-96．2％．精密度为1．51％-3．97％。结果方法可用于生活饮用水水样中铊的测定。     

总有机碳不确定度评价

根据燃烧氧化非分散红外吸收法(NDIR),用TOC测定水中的中有机碳(TOC),并且分析了主要的测量不确定度来源,即工作曲线不确定度、标注溶液不确定度、测量重复性不确定度和仪器分辨率不确定度,分别量化后加以合成绩的总有机碳的测量不确定度.     

X射线衍射和红外光谱法分析高岭石结晶度

用X射线衍射和红外光谱法研究了浙江临安纤岭一带高岭石样品(A,B,C,D四个样品)的结晶度,并考察两种方法分析结果的相关性。分析结果表明B样品的Hinckley指数为1.28、红外结晶指数为1.57,结晶度最好。两种方法相关性较好,均可用来分析高岭石结晶度。     

SO2 与矿物气溶胶组分α-Fe2O3 的光化学反应机制

利用红外漫反射光谱仪(DRIFTS)研究了SO₂ 在α-Fe₂O₃ 表面上的多相光化学反应.结果表明,在无光照和光照条件下,α-Fe₂O₃ 表面均生成硫酸盐,但硫酸盐的生成量和生成速率不同.模拟太阳光照射下,反应4 h BET吸附系数为9.61×10-9,无光照条件下为1.39×10-8;光照条件下硫酸盐生成量低于无光照条件.当O₂ 的体积浓度<21%时,增加O₂ 浓度促进了硫酸盐的生成.用草酸和腐殖酸处理后的α-Fe₂O₃ 与SO₂ 反应,由于α-Fe₂O₃ 表面反应活性位被占据,导致硫酸盐生成量急剧减少.     

Mechanochemical decomposition of pentachlorophenol by ball milling

The mechanochemical dechlorination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was studied using CaO and SiO2 powder as additives. The e ects of the milling time and additives on the dechlorination rate were investigated. The resulting product was characterized by X-ray di raction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and ion chromatography (IC). It is found that grinding operation could dechlorinate PCP, with the formation of inorganic chloride and amorphous carbon. The addition of quartz to the grinding mixture facilitated dechlorination. On the basis of the experimental results, the decomposition mechanism was proposed. Decomposition predominantly proceeds through rupture of C–Cl bond in PCP molecule, followed by the formation of inorganic chlorides.     

絮凝剂PTSS的分子结构研究

以聚硅酸和硫酸钛为原料制得絮凝剂聚硅硫酸钛(PISS),用电子显微镜观察其形貌,发现絮凝剂FISS呈现不同于聚硅酸球形颗粒状的分枝长链状结构,初步推测钛与聚硅酸发生了化学成键作用;通过红外光谱与X-射线衍射研究絮凝剂PTSS结构,证实钛与聚硅酸中的硅通过氧基成键.将该絮凝剂用于处理pH为8的模拟江水,在投加量(以钛离子计)为10 mg/L时,A254的去除率为70.9%,浊度去除率为99.3%,絮凝效果良好.测定不同pH下的Zeta电位,观察所形成絮体的形貌、测定絮体粒度分布以及观测红外光谱图均发现,絮凝剂PISS特殊的长链结构通过络合成键将模拟江水中的腐殖酸官能团带入絮体中,同时也通过吸附、网捕等作用将其余胶体颗粒去除.     

太湖草、藻湖区沉积物WSOM组成和分子结构分析

草型湖泊（区）和藻型湖泊（区）是浅水湖泊的两种典型状态,两种湖泊中有机质（OM）的来源和转化存在明显差异.有机质在沉积物上的埋藏是湖泊碳汇功能的重要体现.沉积物中的有机质可能发生后续的转化,影响湖泊碳汇功能;其转化过程与其固有的性质密切相关.目前为止,有关草型和藻型湖泊沉积物中有机质的组成,特别是分子结构差异的信息较少.为此,采集太湖草型湖区（东太湖）和藻型湖区（梅梁湾）沉积物,提取和纯化沉积物中的水溶性有机质（分别记为M-WSOM和A-WSOM）,并采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、三维荧光光谱、傅立叶红外光谱和傅里叶变换-离子回旋共振-质谱（FT-ICR MS）对WSOM性质组成和分子结构进行详尽的表征与分析.结果表明：①M-WSOM的相对分子质量比A-WSOM的（E₂ ：E₃指标）稍大;FT-ICR MS的数据显示,M-WSOM和A-WSOM的相对分子质量分别为388.9和379.9.②M-WSOM的芳香性略高于A-WSOM的（SUVA₂₅₄和HIX指标）;同样地,FT-ICR MS的结果显示,M-WSOM中稠环芳烃（6.3%,强度加权平均占比,下同）、芳香类物质（7.7%）的含量高于A-WSOM （分别为1.1%和4.4%）;③荧光组分结果表明A-WSOM中类蛋白质组分的含量大于M-WSOM;FT-ICR MS的结果与之对应,A-WSOM的多肽含量（35.5%）高于M-WSOM的（15.6%）;④质谱数据显示了高分辨的分子信息：M-WSOM和A-WSOM中,沉积物中含杂原子的分子分别占82.9%和91.7%;其中含氮元素的分子占比高达53.5%和78.5%;含磷元素分子占30.4%和41.4%,M-WSOM磷元素主要分布在脂肪烃和高度不饱和低氧物质中,而A-WSOM则主要分布在多肽中.揭示了浅水湖泊两种典型状态沉积物OM的组成和分子结构;有助于研究湖泊沉积物的温室气体排放,及碳、氮、磷元素的生物地球化学过程.     

RS与GIS在城市热岛效应研究中的应用

以 TM热红外波段的遥感图象数据 ,结合遥感图象处理软件和地理信息系统软件分别对各种城市用地类型及市内各城区的光谱反射值进行统计 ,同时 ,也对市区和郊区的气象数据进行统计。根据热岛效应的特征、空间分布及其变化 ,提出了相应的防治对策。