Biodegradation of Crystal Violet by Agrobacterium radiobacter

Agrobacterium radiobacter MTCC 8161 completely decolorized the Crystal Violet with 8 hr (10 mg/L) at static anoxic conditions. The decreased decolorization capability by A. radiobacter was observed, when the Crystal Violet concentration was increased from 10 to 100 mg/L. Semi-synthetic medium containing 1% yeast extract and 0.1% NH4Cl has shown 100% decolorization of Crystal Violet within 5 hr. A complete degradation of Crystal Violet by A. radiobacter was observed up to 7 cycles of repeated addition (10 mg/L). When the effect of increasing inoculum concentration on decolorization of Crystal Violet (100 mg/L) was studied, maximum decolorization was observed with 15% inoculum concentration. A significant increase in the activities of laccase (184%) and aminopyrine N-demethylase (300%) in cells obtained after decolorization indicated the involvement of these enzymes in decolorization process. The intermediates formed during the degradation of Crystal Violet were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). It was detected the presence of N,N,N′,N′′-tetramethylpararosaniline, [N; N-dimethylaminophenyl] [N-methylaminophenyl] benzophenone, N; N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 4-methyl amino phenol and phenol. We proposed the hypothetical metabolic pathway of Crystal Violet biodegradation by A. radiobacter. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity study showed that Crystal Violet biodegradation metabolites were less toxic to bacteria (A. radiobacter, P. aurugenosa and A. vinelandii) contributing to soil fertility and for four kinds of plants (Sorghum bicolor, Vigna radiata, Lens culinaris and Triticum aestivum) which are most sensitive, fast growing and commonly used in Indian agriculture.     

膜蒸馏结晶技术研究进展

近年,膜蒸馏技术由于其新颖的膜分离过程和潜在的应用前景受到了越来越多的关注。为了实现不同的分离效果,膜蒸馏和其它技术的耦合也得到了快速发展。膜蒸馏结晶是将膜分离和结晶有效结合的一项新技术,其原理是通过膜蒸馏去除料液中的溶剂,将料液浓缩至过饱和状态,其后在结晶器中结晶并分离晶体的过程。膜蒸馏结晶技术作为一项具有广阔应用前景的技术,越来越受到重视。然而,现阶段膜蒸馏结晶技术还存在诸多问题,这在一定程度上阻碍了其规模化应用。本文详细介绍了膜蒸馏结晶技术的原理、研究进展及应用现状,探讨了膜蒸馏结晶技术的经济性,并指出了该技术存在的局限性和可能的发展方向,以期为膜蒸馏结晶技术的发展提供新思路。     

预处理+多级膜浓缩+蒸发结晶+膜电解组合工艺在造纸废水零排放工程上的应用

以国内某工业园区中水回用示范项目1.75万m3/d造纸废水零排放工程为例,对工程采用的预处理+多级膜浓缩+蒸发结晶+膜电解组合工艺流程及设计参数情况进行了重点说明,对部分工艺单元的运行数据进行了技术分析。运行数据表明:臭氧活性炭生物滤池对造纸废水二级出水残留COD的去除率>50%,机械加速沉清池对一级反渗透浓水硬度的去除率达到70%,离子交换器出水硬度稳定在0~4 mg/L,NaCl浓缩反渗透单元对Cl-的再浓缩比约为3倍。最后介绍了对于膜浓缩和蒸发结晶系统改造的工程经验,并从技术总结的角度阐明完善的工艺流程及技术保障措施是该工业废水零排放工程获得成功的根本。     

浓缩冷冻结晶法处理废酸液的应用

介绍了浓缩冷冻结晶法，在江西洪都钢厂硫酸酸洗废处理中的应用，表明该处理工艺选择偷回收的再生酸能最大限度地满足生产要求，处理成本代，符合因地制宜，按实际情况选择工艺的原因。     

催化光度法测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)的研究

基于在稀磷酸介质中,铬（Ⅵ）对溴酸钾氧化结晶紫有催化作用,提出了测定痕量铬（Ⅵ）的新催化光度法,检出限为２５×１０－９ｇ／Ｌ,线性范围为０２～４０μｇ／２７ｍｌ。应用于测定地面水及地下水的铬（Ⅵ）,结果满意。