菹草的经济价值及其栽培与养鱼技术

菹草是渔业水域生态系统中的初级生产者，为渔业生产的重要自然资源之一、根据近年来的试验研究成果，本文探讨了菹草的自明、药用、饲用价值及其在渔业水域中对自然国类资原的增殖与保护作用，介绍了菹草人工栽培与养鱼的技术措施。     

美欧研究用象草作为燃料发电替代煤炭和石油

今后10年内，北美和欧洲国家可能会开始大量种植一种名为象草的植物，作为燃料发电，有望替代煤炭和石油。     

菹草在低浓度含铜尾水净化过程中的毒性研究

将菹草(Potamogeton crispus)种植于不同浓度的含游离态(CuSO4)和螯合态(EDTA-Cu)铜离子模拟尾水中,定期观测菹草在不同浓度、不同形态含铜尾水中的生长状况,并用水下饱和脉冲叶绿素荧光仪测定菹草光合作用PSⅡ有效荧光产量(Fv/Fm)、光化学荧光淬灭系数(qP)和非光化学荧光淬灭系数(qN)等指标,以研究菹草在低浓度含铜尾水净化过程中的生态效应。结果表明,菹草对铜离子有吸附或富集作用,且对CuSO4的吸附或富集能力大于EDTA-Cu。CuSO4对菹草的毒性作用小,且对菹草生长有一定的促进作用;随着铜离子浓度(0.01、0.3、0.5和1.0 mg·L-1)的递增,CuSO4各试验组菹草叶片数增加量分别是对照组的292.5%、390.0%、155.0%和45.0%。而EDTA-Cu在试验浓度范围内对菹草的生长影响较小,毒性作用不明显。随游离态和螯合态铜离子浓度的提高,相对光合电子传递速率(RET)、Fv/Fm、qP和qN变化明显,表明一定浓度的铜离子增强了菹草的光电子传递速率和份额,铜离子对PSⅡ反应中心的毒性作用较小,可以促进其光合作用。     

九龙江口滨海湿地生源要素空间分布特征

为了揭示亚热带典型滨海湿地生源要素的空间分布特征及影响因素,选取九龙江口滨海湿地为研究对象,于2009年夏采集表层沉积物及柱状样,利用元素分析仪和流动注射分析仪对主要生源要素碳、氮、磷、硫(C、N、P、S)进行分析.结果表明,九龙江口滨海湿地生源要素含量较高,总碳、总氮、总磷、总硫(TC、TN、TP、TS)的均值分别为(12.64±2.66)、(1.57±0.29)、(0.48±0.06)、(2.61±1.37)g·kg-1,空间分布差异性显著.红树林植被区表层沉积物的TC、TN、TP含量高于米草植被及光滩,高潮位TC、TN、TP含量>中潮位>低潮位,TS在米草植被及中潮位含量较高.柱状样的TC、TN具有相似的垂直变化趋势,均表现为由表层向下逐渐降低,且不同植被间的柱状样TC、TN含量在同一深度上都表现为:红树区>米草区>光滩区;柱状样TP平均值是光滩最低,TS平均值是光滩最高.冗余分析表明,植被类型、pH及潮位是影响表层沉积物生源要素(C、N、P、S)分布最显著的环境因子,解释量分别为24.0%、19.0%和11.6%.     

温室条件下UV-B辐射对蓝藻结皮生长和超微结构的影响

UV-B辐射是野外蓝藻结皮经常面临的一种环境胁迫因子.报道了温室条件下UV-B辐射对蓝藻结皮形态、生理和超微结构特征的影响.在本研究中,首先通过接种具鞘微鞘藻和爪哇伪枝藻形成初始蓝藻结皮,接着以初始蓝藻结皮为材料进行3种辐射处理:光合有效辐射、UV-B辐射+光合有效辐射和N-乙酰半胱氨酸+UV-B辐射+光合有效辐射.在...     

Interspecific competition effects on phosphorus accumulation by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans

The competition between submersed plants has been recognized as an important factor influencing the structure of plant communities in shallow lakes. The ability of different species to take up and store nutrients from the surrounding ambience varies, and hence plant community structure might be expected to affect the cycling of nutrients in lake ecosystems. In this study, the uptake of phosphorus by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans was studied and compared in monoculture and competitive mixed-culture plantings. Results showed that for both studied species the phosphorus concentrations of different tissues and of whole plants was unaffected by competition. However, the quantity of phosphorus accumulated by whole plants of H. verticillata was significantly higher in mixture culture than in monoculture, while that of V. natans was lower in the mixed culture. The results indicated that H. verticillata has a competitive advantage over V. natans, when the two species are grown in competition, and is able to accumulate a greater quantity of phosphorus.     

高温状态下受热时间对膨润土物性指标的影响∗

高温状态下膨润土的物性指标变化是高放核废物深地质处置库设计的重要参数之一。通过高温状态下不同受热时间MX80钠基膨润土的比重、液塑限、自由膨胀率试验,研究了受热时间对膨润土基本物性指标的影响规律;并通过热重分析(TGA)、X衍射(XDR)、电镜扫描(SEM)试验,从微观角度对上述变化规律进行了合理解释。研究结果表明:随着受热时间的增加,膨润土的比重、液塑限、自由膨胀率在受热15～30天内急剧下降,降幅分别为2.5%、3.1%和28.3%,之后各值变化量很小;高温状态下,膨润土的矿物成分转化、结合水脱附、微观形貌改变是膨润土物性指标发生变化的根本原因,三者之间相互作用和彼此影响。     

Beyond hypoxia：Occurrence and characteristics of black blooms due to the decomposition of the submerged plant Potamogeton crispus in a shallow lake

Organic matter-induced black blooms(hypoxia and an offensive odor) are a serious ecosystem disasters that have occurred in some large eutrophic shallow lakes in China. In this study, we investigated two separate black blooms that were induced by Potamogeton crispus in Lake Taihu, China. The main physical and chemical characteristics, including color- and odor-related substances, of the black blooms were analyzed. The black blooms were characterized by low dissolved oxygen concentration(close to 0 mg/L), low oxidation-reduction potential, and relatively low pH of overlying water. Notably higher Fe2+and∑S2-were found in the black-bloom waters than in waters not affected by black blooms. The black color of the water may be attributable to the high concentration of these elements, as black FeS was considered to be the main substance causing the black color of blooms in freshwater lakes. Volatile organic sulfur compounds, including dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, were very abundant in the black-bloom waters. The massive anoxic degradation of dead Potamogeton crispus plants released dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, which were the main odor-causing compounds in the black blooms. The black blooms also induced an increase in ammonium nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus levels in the overlying waters. This extreme phenomenon not only heavily influenced the original lake ecosystem but also greatly changed the cycling of Fe, S, and nutrients in the water column.     

芦苇和藨草对不同程度富营养化水体的净化效果研究

通过设置3种浓度梯度的富营养化水体净化实验,研究了芦苇和藨草的生长状况及其对富营养化水体中N、P的去除效果。结果表明:芦苇和藨草在3种梯度的富营养化水体中均能正常生长,并对水中N、P有明显的去除效果。藨草在处理轻度和中度富营养化水体时要比芦苇占优势,在重度富营养化水体中,芦苇对N、P的去除能力要高于藨草,且二者对水中TP的净化效果要好于TN。通过对受试水样的TN、TP浓度随时间变化的动态曲线拟合得出,水体中TN、TP的浓度随时间变化呈负指数衰减,芦苇和藨草对富营养化水体的净化率随其在水体中停留时间的延长而递增。实验结果为利用挺水植物修复富营养化水体的模式和机理的深入研究提供了科学依据。     

AgBr/g-C3N4复合光催化剂制备及其可见光催化性能

文章采用溶剂热法合成不同形貌和结构的g-C₃N₄半导体,超声法将AgBr原位沉淀在g-C₃N₄表面,成功制备出不同质量比AgBr/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂。借助FE-SEM、BET、TGA、XRD、UV-Vis DRS等方法对制备样品的晶体结构、形貌、比表面积、热稳定性以及其光学性能进行了表征。结果表明：g-C₃N₄半导体呈现纳米管状结构,直径约为300 nm,管长约为800 nm;AgBr/g-C₃N₄-20%复合光催化剂比表面积可达为40.727 m²/g,孔体积0.110 cm³/g,孔半径为17.171 nm。以罗丹明B (RhB)为模拟污染物,考察光催化降解性能,结果表明AgBr/g-C₃N₄质量比为20%时,可见光催化80 min后,RhB降解率可达到97.4%。光催化机...