反硝化聚磷污泥厌氧释磷影响因素研究

采用静态试验的方法研究了温度、MLSS、VFA浓度、碳源种类等对反硝化聚磷污泥厌氧释磷的影响,研究结果表明:随着温度的升高厌氧释磷速率有所增加,但厌氧释磷速率与温度之间并不是简单的线性关系,温度对厌氧释磷的长期作用还有待考察;在一定范围内增加污泥浓度与碳源可以有效地强化厌氧释磷效果;反硝化除磷脱氮工艺处理实际生活污水时,建议厌氧池停留时间为4～6 h,在工艺首端设置水解酸化池将有利于厌氧释磷效果的强化.     

蒙脱土/聚丙烯酰胺杂化絮凝剂制备及絮凝性能研究

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)的阳离子交换反应制得有机化蒙脱土(O-MMT),通过硝酸铈铵引发丙烯酰胺单体在有机化蒙脱土片层间原位插层聚合制得蒙脱土/聚丙烯酰胺(MMT/PAM)杂化物. 同时,研究了引发剂用量、聚合反应时间和蒙脱土含量对杂化物特性粘数的影响,并用XRD、FTIR、TEM对Na-MMT、O-MMT和MMT/PAM杂化物进行结构表征. 最后实验对比了MMT/PAM杂化物与PAM对三氧化二铬悬浮液的絮凝效果. XRD、TEM结果显示,纳米尺寸大小的蒙脱土均匀地分散在PAM基体中. 絮凝实验结果显示,添加质量分数0.5％~5.0％MMT的MMT/PAM杂化物的絮凝效果优于纯PAM.     

表面改性PVDF电纺纤维负载ZnS复合材料的制备与光催化特性

以常压介质阻挡放电-紫外辐射条件下制备的聚偏氟乙烯电纺纤维表面接枝丙烯酸(PVDF-g-AA)后的产物为载体,在水热条件下制备与纤维表面有化学键作用、均匀分布、直径0.5～2μm的ZnS/PVDF-K-AA纤维复合光催化材料.同时,以紫外灯为光源,甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了复合材料的光催化活性.结果表明,ZnS/PVDF-g-AA纤维复合材料的高催化比表面积和复合材料间存在吸附-迁移-光降解作用使其具有较高的光催化效率,重复8次光降解后其仍具有较好的催化活性.     

Adsorption characteristics of humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite for cationic dyes in aqueous solutions

Humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (HA-Am-PAA-B) was prepared and used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dyes (Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV)) from aqueous solutions. The polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (PAA-B) was prepared by intercalative polymerization of acrylamide with Nabentonite in the presence of N,N0-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and hexamethylenediammine as propagater. PAA-B was subsequently treated with ethylenediammine to increase its loading capacity for HA. The surface characterizations of the adsorbent were investigated. The adsorbent behaved like a cation exchanger and more than 99.0% removal of dyes was detected at pH range 6.0–8.0. The capacity of HA-Am-PAA-B was found to decrease in the following order: MG > MB > CV. The kinetic and isotherm data were interpreted by pseudo-second order rate equation and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Experiments were carried out using binary solute systems to assess the competitive adsorption phenomenon. The experimental isotherm data for each binary solute combination of MG, MB and CV were analyzed using Sheindrof-Rebhun-Sheintuch (SRS) (multicomponent Freundlich type) equation.     

Infiltration characteristics of non-aqueous phase liquids in undisturbed loessal soil cores

The widespread contamination of soils and aquifers by non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL), such as crude oil, poses serious environmental and health hazards globally. Understanding the infiltration characteristics of NAPL in soil is crucial in mitigating or remediating soil contamination. The infiltration characteristics of crude and diesel oils into undisturbed loessal soil cores, collected in polymethyl methacrylate cylindrical columns, were investigated under a constant fluid head (3 cm) of either crude oil or diesel oil. The infiltration rate of both crude and diesel oils decreased exponentially as wetting depth increased with time. Soil core size and bulk density both had significant effects on NAPL infiltration through the undisturbed soil cores; a smaller core size or a greater bulk density could reduce oil penetration to depth. Compacting soil in areas susceptible to oil spills may be an effective stratage to reduce contamination. The infiltration of NAPL into soil cores was spatially anisotropic and heterogeneous, thus recording the data at four points on the soil core is a good stratage to improve the accuracy of experimental results. Our results revealed that crude and diesel oils, rather than their components, have a practical value for remediation of contaminated loessal soils.     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）改善污泥脱水性能的研究

通过对污泥含水率的测定和滤液蛋白质的测定,考察了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）对污泥脱水性能的影响。结果表明,PAM能够改善污泥的脱水性能,最佳的投加量为0.96mg/g,污泥的含水率73.38%。通过激光粒度分析研究PAM对污泥的作用机理,发现投加PAM之后,污泥的絮体变大,占体积分数90%的颗粒粒径大于206.170μm,明显的大于原泥。实验表明,PAM是通过＂架桥吸附＂和＂水化作用＂改善污泥的脱水性能。     

H2O2氧化提高含聚污水悬浮固体测定值准确性研究

重量法测定含聚采油污水过程中呈网络结构的聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)分子在滤膜上滞留,引起污水中无机阳离子及平衡电荷的无机阴离子截流在滤膜表层,导致悬浮固体测定值偏高。针对这一问题,笔者研究了利用过氧化氢(H2O2)预氧化处理聚驱污水,重量法测定预处理后水样中悬浮固体新方法,并将其应用于现场水样测定中,效果良好。     

SiO_2对PVDF/PMMA/TPU五孔膜结构与性能的影响

在PVDF/PMMA/TPU铸膜液中添加SiO2,采用相转化法制备有机/无机共混五孔膜,并经接触角实验、扫描电子显微镜、超滤实验和拉伸实验分别对不同SiO2添加量下膜的亲水性能、微观结构、超滤性能和机械性能进行了分析。结果表明,当SiO2添加量为0.5%时,膜的亲水性较好,结构形态也有所改善,此时纯水通量为164.8 L/(h.m2),同时截留率可达76.8%,膜的拉伸性能也有所提高;但是SiO2含量过高的情况下,膜的各项性能指标会因SiO2颗粒的团聚现象而下降。     

涡凹气浮在化工区污水处理厂中的应用

摘要：化工园区中炼油、皮革、植物油生产与精炼、电镀、印染等的固体悬浮物、油脂及各种胶状物均需有效去除,防止污染水体．气浮单元去除各种工业废水中油脂及各种胶状物效果较好,现其广泛应用于工业废水的处理工艺中。汉沽现代产业区污水处理厂进水中总油含量较高,严重影响后续MBR．单元的运行,因此在生化池前增加气浮单元已保证MBR．膜组正常运行。此文章介绍了污水处理厂在气浮单元上的选择,通过对油的去除率来选择混凝剂和助凝剂及相应的药品投加量。     

灰色聚类法在闽江闽清段水质评价中的应用

本文应用灰色类聚法对闽江闽清段河流2004-2008年水质指标中5个污染因子进行了水质综合评价,结果表明:2004-2008年以来闽江闽清段的水质良好,可以作为饮用水源;从2004年起水质逐年变好,但是2008年则状况不佳.该研究可为水资源的管理提供科学依据.