β-5型木质素二聚体热解机理模拟计算

木质素是由苯基丙烷结构通过C—O键和C—C键连接而成的复杂三维网状无定形高聚物,热解是木质素的重要利用方式,探究木质素热解过程中连接键的断裂机理对于开发高效热解技术至关重要。利用密度泛函理论方法,针对典型的β-5连接木质素二聚体模型化合物,探究其热解过程及取代基的影响。计算结果表明,苯环之间五元环的开环反应是最可能发生的初步反应,其中C_α—O键和C_α—C_β键的键解离能(BDEs)分别为163.9 kJ/mol和212.9 kJ/mol,是最主要的断键开环反应。通过对比甲基、甲氧基、羟基、正丙基等支链对β-5连接键的断裂的影响,发现当两个苯环和β-5连接五元环上分别连接羟基、丙基、羟甲基取代基时,C_α—O键和C_α—C_β键的BDEs最低。对于不同取代基类型和位点来说,C_α—O键均裂始终是最容易发生的初始反应,而C_α—O键和C_α—C_β键连续断裂的路径是β-5连接五元环断裂的主...     

镉胁迫对不同品种白菜生长生理及亚细胞分布的影响

为了解镉胁迫对不同品种白菜生长生理、亚细胞分布的影响,采用盆栽试验的方法,设置不同镉浓度处理,研究贵州常栽的三个品种白菜生长、生理及亚细胞分布差异。结果显示：镉胁迫下,春信火锅王生长状态较好,且总体表现为低浓度促进,高浓度抑制的规律(地上部干重在迟白二号上的表现除外)。白菜叶绿素含量(SPAD)总体呈先增加后降低的趋势,叶绿素的最大值体现在春信火锅王上,迟白二号各部位镉含量与叶绿素含量呈显著负相关关系;植物络合素(PCs)浓度总体呈升高-降低-升高的趋势,春信火锅王地上部镉含量和可溶性组分镉含量与PCs呈显著负相关关系。三个品种白菜各部位的镉含量均随外源镉增加显著增加(P<0.05),表现为地上部>根部。不同品种白菜富集转运能力有较大差异,表现为青脆迟白菜>迟白二号>春信火锅王。三个品种白菜地上部鲜质量与有效态镉均具有显著负相关关系。不同浓度镉处理下白菜叶片镉的亚细胞分布规律总体上为细胞壁>可溶性组分>细胞器,但随镉处理浓度增大,细胞壁组分镉的占比降低,可溶性部分镉占比增大甚至超过细胞壁镉含量占比。综上,本研究三个品种白菜中,春信火锅王有较强的耐镉能...     

Gallic acid和SDS对黑麦草体内重金属亚细胞及形态分布的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了投加螯合剂没食子酸gallic acid(5mmol·kg-1)与表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠SDS(1mmol·kg-1)对黑麦草(Lolium perenneL.)体内重金属亚细胞及形态分布的影响.结果表明,单独投加gallicacid增强了黑麦草对Cd、Pb的区室化作用及对Zn的细胞壁沉积作用;复合投加gallic acid和SDS增强了黑麦草对Cd的区室化作用和细胞壁沉积作用,以及对Zn的细胞壁沉积作用.单独投加gallic acid使黑麦草体内Cd、Zn总量分别增加了33.5%和6.0%,其中,惰性态Cd、Zn所占比例分别增加了6.2%、6.3%;复合投加gallic acid和SDS使黑麦草体内Cd总量增加了35.6%,Zn总量减少了1.1%,其中,惰性态Cd、Zn所占比例分别增加了7.2%、8.6%,增强了植物对Cd、Zn的螯合作用.各处理对Pb的亚细胞分布及形态无明显影响.     

基因重组细胞监测重金属污染物的实验研究

研究用基因重组细胞快速评价重金属污染物对健康的危害,采用分子生物学方法,将亲电性化学反应元件(EPRE)与TK基本启动子和编码虫荧光素酶(LUC)基因相融合,构建成EPRE调控的LUC报告载体,将其转染于HeLa细胞.并将该细胞作用于不同浓度的NaAsO₂、CdCl₂和HgCl₂,用荧光素酶试剂盒物测量LUC的表达量.结果表明,EPRE调控的LUC报告载体框架正确;LUC的表达量与3种受试物具有明显的剂量效应关系,细胞对3种受试物敏感性为As³⁺>Cd²⁺>Hg²⁺.     

Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin - In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides

Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan（EN） and Lambda-cyhalothrin（LC）; individually and in combination. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide（MTT） assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains（TA98, TA100） were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant（p 〈 0.05） increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity.     

Characterization of extracellular polymeric substances in the biofilms of typical bacteria by the sulfur K-edge XANES spectroscopy

A combined approach of physicochemical extraction and sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure（XANES） spectroscopy was applied to characterize the extracellular polymeric substances（EPS） of typical bacterial biofilms in this study. Physicochemical analysis showed variation of the contents of DNA,polysaccharide and protein in different fractions of EPS in different mediums. The sulfur K-edge XANES analysis yielded a variety of spectra.Spectral fitting of the XANES spectra utilizing a large set of model compounds showed that there was more reduced sulfur in both LB-EPS（loosely bound EPS） and TB-EPS（tightly bound EPS） of all the biofilms in LB medium than in R2 A medium. More oxidized sulfur was identified in LB-EPS than that in TB-EPS,suggesting different niches and physiological heterogeneity in the biofilms. Our results suggested that the sulfur K-edge XANES can be a useful tool to analyze the sulfur speciation in EPS of biofilms.     

一株苯酚降解菌的分离鉴定及响应面法优化其固定化

从太原市焦化厂废水活性污泥中分离、筛选出一株苯酚降解细菌,经生理生化反应和16S rRNA鉴定,该菌株为Diaphorobacter属细菌,命名为PD-07.代谢机制研究表明,苯酚可诱导该菌合成邻苯二酚2,3-加氧酶降解苯酚.为了提高该菌株对苯酚的降解率,以海藻酸钙为材料,对该菌株进行包埋固定化研究.首先采用Plackett–Burman实验设计筛选出影响固定化菌株苯酚降解率的关键因素,然后采用最陡爬坡实验逼近最大苯酚降解率响应区域.最后用Box–Behnken实验设计及响应面回归分析,应用二次方程对实验数据进行拟合得,拟合曲线与实验实测值相关性良好,最佳条件为海藻酸钠浓度3.83%(m/V)、CaCl20.3mol/L、菌胶比1:26.73、固定化时间2h、摇床转速180r/min、培养温度30℃、初始pH值7.2、液固比4.86:1,在此条件下苯酚降解率可达96.89%.     

毒性有机物BPA与普通小球藻的相互影响特性研究

考察了不同浓度双酚A(BPA)对普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)生长特性的影响,以及普通小球藻生长过程对BPA的去除效能.研究表明,低浓度BPA(0~20 mg·L-1)对普通小球藻生长具有促进作用,而高浓度BPA(20~50 mg·L-1)对普通小球藻生长具有抑制作用,且抑制效应与BPA浓度呈正相关关系.低剂量BPA(<20 mg·L-1)对叶绿素含量并无明显的影响,高剂量BPA(>20 mg·L-1)造成叶绿素含量降低.在BPA初始浓度2~50 mg·L-1的范围内,普通小球藻对其都有一定的去除效能,单位普通小球藻对BPA去除速率与其初始浓度呈正相关关系.BPA投加量为50 mg·L-1时,BPA去除速率最大,且最大速率出现于延滞期与对数期之间.     

聚驱采出水对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传毒性分析

为探索聚合物驱采出水对生物体的遗传毒性,从而对油田聚合物驱采出水的污染程度进行判定,从2007年2月到2009年12月,采集油田聚合物区块联合站的来水、一沉水、二沉水、外输水、杀菌水的水样,用双蒸水稀释至100%(母液)、75%、50%、25%,以0.5%的甲基磺酸乙酯(Ethyl Methane Sulfonate,EMS)溶液为阳性对照,双蒸水为阴性对照,利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术,对聚合物驱油采出水的遗传毒性进行跟踪分析.结果表明,大庆油田某聚驱采油区块的采出水,100%(母液)污染指数为3.9～5.1,75%的稀释液污染指数为3.6～5.4,50%稀释液污染指数为2.5～4.7,25%稀释液污染指数为2.2～3.9.聚驱采出水普遍具有中度到重度的遗传毒性效应,对油田周边环境构成较严重威胁.     

住宅装修引起全血细胞减少疾病的病例分析报告

通过对1例住宅装修中甲醛超标引起户主女儿全血细胞减少症的分析,评价甲醛对人体健康的危害,简述室内空气污染物对人体健康的危害.