NaCl胁迫对甜高粱发芽期生理生化特性的影响

为筛选耐盐甜高粱材料,探讨NaCl胁迫对甜高粱发芽期生理生化特性的影响,研究了0、70、140、210 mmol.L-1NaCl胁迫对吉甜3、BJK156、甜132、凯勒、威利、考利、吉甜2、戴尔等8个甜高粱材料发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、芽长、根长、芽鲜质量、根鲜质量等8个指标盐害系数的影响,利用系统聚类分类法对甜高粱耐盐性进行聚类可分为3类：耐盐性最强的是甜132,耐盐性中等的是BJK156,耐盐性较敏感的是考利、吉甜3、吉甜2、戴尔、凯勒、威利。进一步研究了盐胁迫对甜高粱芽苗中丙二醛、可溶性蛋白含量及过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响。结果得出：随着盐胁迫的加重丙二醛含量逐渐增加,可溶性蛋白含量逐渐减少。NaCl胁迫不同程度地提高了8个甜高粱材料POD、CAT、SOD活性,受3种NaCl质量浓度胁迫后8个甜高粱材料POD、CAT、SOD活性的变化趋势不同,这可能是它们耐盐差异的生理原因之一。另外,在3种NaCl浓度胁迫后甜132中的丙二醛增加量在8个材料中都是最低的,这与系统聚类分析得出甜132耐盐性最强的结论相吻合。研究认为丙二醛含量的变化可以作为筛选发芽期耐盐甜高粱品种的一个指标。     

纳米ZnO对鲫鱼肝脏的毒性(Toxicity of Nano-ZnO on Liver of Goldfish（Carassius auratus） )

鲫鱼（Carassius auratus）腹腔注射不同浓度纳米ZnO（5mg·kg-1、12.5mg·kg-1、25mg·kg-1、50mg·kg-1和125mg·kg-1,以鲫鱼体重计）14d后,研究了鲫鱼肝脏中的自由基（ROS）强度变化、氧化应激反应及其毒性机制. 结果表明：纳米ZnO显著诱导鲫鱼肝脏自由基产生;自由基信号强度和脂质过氧化物（MDA）随纳米ZnO浓度的升高呈先升高后降低趋势;而还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量和GSH/GSSG随纳米ZnO浓度的升高呈先降低后升高趋势;纳米ZnO的毒性主要表现在引起鲫鱼肝脏氧化损伤,其毒性机制为诱导鲫鱼肝脏产生活性氧自由基.     

碲化镉量子点对小鼠睾丸组织的氧化损伤（Effects of CdTe Quantum Dots on the Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Lipid Peroxidation in Testes of Mice）

为探讨碲化镉量子点(CdTeQDs)对小鼠睾丸的急性氧化损伤作用,将20只雄性ICR小鼠随机分成4组:对照组、1d、3d、7d(3个不同时间组),采用尾静脉注射进行一次性染毒2.5μmol·kg-1CdTeQDs,对照组注射等体积生理盐水.染毒后对睾丸的脏器系数以及组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量分别进行测定,从而检测CdTeQDs对睾丸组织的急性氧化损伤作用.结果显示,与对照组相比,随染毒时间的延长,睾丸脏器系数无显著性变化(p>0.05);GSH-Px和SOD活性随染毒时间的延长呈逐渐升高趋势;而CAT活性呈逐渐降低趋势,且与对照组差异显著(p<0.01);MDA含量显著高于对照(p<0.01),且随时间变化不大.CdTeQDs染毒可导致小鼠睾丸组织氧化损伤,其损伤程度与染毒时间之间具有一定的时间-效应关系.     

杞柳对水中2,4-二氯苯酚的降解

通过在人工配制的含有2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP, 2,4-Dichlorophenol)的营养液中培养杞柳(Salix integra),研究了杞柳在不同处理条件下对水溶液中2,4-DCP的去除效率,并探讨了其对2,4-DCP降解的动力学过程.结果表明,在抑菌和不抑菌处理条件下,杞柳对水溶液中的2,4-DCP有促进降解的作用,在96h内杞柳对20 mg·L-1的2,4-DCP去除效率分别为:76.9%、81.1%,并且对2,4-DCP的去除都符合一级动力学方程;而没有杞柳生长的水体中2,4-DCP的降解率为0%.2,4-DCP的植物吸收降解、微生物降解对2,4-DCP去除的贡献率约为:92.57%、7.43%.在模拟光照下,杞柳在48 h内能去除水中约52.37%的2,4-DCP.同时,根系组织中多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性受到了2,4-DCP明显的抑制.试验所采用的质量浓度对杞柳没有产生毒害作用,表明杞柳是修复水中2,4-DCP较好的材料.     

Characterization of phenanthrene degradation by strain Polyporus sp. S133

Polyporus sp. S133, a fungus collected from contaminated soil, was used to degrade phenanthrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, in a mineral salt broth liquid culture. A maximal degradation rate (92%) was obtained when Polyporus sp. S133 was cultured for 30 days with agitation at 120 r/min, as compared to 44% degradation in non-agitated cultures. Furthermore, the degradation was a ected by the addition of surfactants. Tween 80 was the most suitable surfactant for the degradation of phenanthrene by Polyporus sp. S133. The degradation rate increased as the amount of Tween 80 added increased. The rate in agitated cultures was about 2 times that in non-agitated cultures. The mechanism of degradation was determined through the identification of metabolites; 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, 2,2’-diphenic acid, phthalic acid, and protocatechuic acid. Several enzymes (manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, laccase, 1,2-dioxygenase and 2,3-dioxygenase) produced by Polyporus sp. S133 were detected during the incubation. The highest level of activity was shown by 1,2-dioxygenase (187.4 U/L) after 20 days of culture.     

人工合成纳米TiO_2和MWCNTs对玉米生长及其抗氧化系统的影响

通过营养液培养试验,研究了纳米金红石相TiO2和多壁碳纳米管(multiwalled carbon nanotubes,MWCNTs)2种人工合成纳米材料悬浮液对玉米幼苗生物量、根系形态、抗氧化酶活性和脂质过氧化的影响.结果表明,在纳米材料悬浮液培养9d后,纳米金红石相TiO2对玉米生长有显著抑制作用(p0.05),50、100、200 mg/L浓度处理的植株根系干物质量分别比对照低40.31%、48.06%、62.02%;而MWCNTs对植物生长的抑制不明显.在2种纳米材料处理下,植物组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均显著升高(p0.05).纳米金红石相TiO2处理使玉米植株体内脂质过氧化产物MDA含量增多,而MWCNTs处理下MDA含量减少但无显著性变化.说明纳米金红石相TiO2的植物毒性比MWCNTs大,2种纳米材料都能引起植株产生氧化应激,仅纳米TiO2造成氧化损伤,这可能与2种纳米材料的化学组成和形状不同有关.     

木质素过氧化物酶LiPH2合成基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

应用化学合成方法获得了碱基序列优化后的木质素过氧化物酶LiPH2合成基因.分别将去除和含有自身信号肽的合成基因与几种选定的表达载体连接,并转化进入相应的Pichiapastoris宿主菌中,共构建了8个不同的毕赤酵母表达系统.对酵母转化子基因及对其发酵液中重组蛋白的分析结果表明,其中1个表达系统的酵母转化子能够成功分泌LiPH2重组蛋白.同时,对影响目的基因表达的各种因素的分析结果表明:就不同宿主菌而言,SMD1168与表达成功的X-33受体菌在其余因素相同的情况下无分泌蛋白表达,pep4基因的缺失对LiPH2蛋白的表达有不利影响;;就不同分泌信号肽而言,与α因子信号肽相比,LiPH2自身信号肽更有利于引导LiPH2的分泌表达;;就不同表达载体而言,其对外源蛋白的表达存在较大差别.本研究中得到的重组蛋白分子量有所增加,说明很可能存在过度糖基化的影响,过度糖基化和C-端氨基酸的增加可能是造成表达蛋白没有活性的原因.     

非灭菌条件下酸性蓝45在白腐真菌反应器中的降解特性

在非灭菌条件下维持白腐真菌反应器连续运行是在水处理领域实际应用白腐真菌的前提.采用臭氧控制白腐真菌反应器中的污染细菌,以连续运行方式考察了自由悬浮培养的白腐真菌体系中控菌、产酶、pH变化及对酸性蓝45的降解特性.结果表明,在白腐真菌反应器系统的控菌单元,以0.0144 mg/min臭氧投加速率,可成功将白腐真菌反应器内污染细菌控制在1×106 CFU/mL以下,其去除率接近99%;成功实现了白腐真菌反应器连续合成锰过氧化物酶（最大剩余酶活50 U/L）和对酸性蓝45 的持续降解（40％～80％）;发现pH值在6左右时,白腐真菌培养体系仍然具有合成锰过氧化物酶和对酸性蓝45的持续降解的能力;提出在控制污染细菌的前提下,如何维持白腐真菌的持续生长及高产酶是进一步实现白腐真菌反应器连续运行的主要问题.     

Variation of peroxidase isoenzyme and biofilm of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in continuous membrane bioreactor for Reactive Brilliant Red X3-B treatment

The influence of a Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B (RBR X-3B) dye on the peroxidase isoenzyme of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was determined, and the biofilm structure in a white rot fungal continuous membrane bioreactor (MBR) was also investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The variation of peroxidase isoenzyme and the decolorization rate in the continuous MBR were evaluated. The results showed that the 100 mg/L RBR X-3B could stimulate the production of the peroxidase isoenzyme in the shaking-flask culture. In addition, two new peroxidase isoenzyme bands with relative mobility (Rf) value of 0.27 and 0.28 appeared, but the activity was lower than the blank control of 11 d. In the continuous MBR, the system worked stably during the first 60 d, the main peroxidase isoenzyme bands existed and three new bands with Rf value of 0.10, 0.27, and 0.28 appeared. Meanwhile, the biofilm grew well and the average decolorization rate could reach 90.6%. But the bands of peroxidase isoenzyme decreased rapidly at day 65, only two bands with Rf value 0.24 and 0.26 existed, and the decolorization rate decreased to 78.3%. Therefore, 5 bottles of P. chrysosporium mycelial pellet were added into the MBR, and then the activity of the peroxidase isoenzyme and the decolorization rate had a slight recovery. Finally, the decolorization rate finally decreased to 75.2%. These results contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the variation of peroxidase isoenzyme and biofilm in continuous MBR by white rot fungi.     

Study on the sensitivity to cadmium of marine fish Salaria basilisca（Pisces： Blennidae）

The present study tested the sensitivity of Salaria basilisca to water-cadmium (Cd) contamination. For this purpose, liver somatic index (LSI), Cd concentrations and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured in the liver of S. basilisca exposed to Cd-contaminated water (2 mg Cd/L as CdCl2) for 14 and 28 d. The results showed that the LSI decreased significantly after 14 and 28 d of Cd-exposure. Cd bioaccumulation in the liver resulted in an increasing uptake up to 42 g/g dry weight after 28 d of exposure. Activities of CAT and SOD were significantly increased with increasing exposure time. A significant increase in GSH-Px activity, under Cd influence, was observed during 14-day exposure period (p < 0.0001). However, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in this activity with respect to control fish was registered after 28 d of Cd-exposure. These results showed that Cd accumulation in the liver of S. basilisca could induce oxidative stress as demonstrated by changes in the antioxidant enzyme activities. Results also emphasized that S. basilisca may considered as a sensitive species to Cd exposure.