Degradation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by an isolated high-efficiency bacterium strain

An aerobic bacterium strain, F-3-4, capable of effectively degrading 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol(2,6-DTBP), was isolated and screened out from an acrylic fiber wastewater and the biofilm in the wastewater treatment facilities. This strain was identified as Alcaligenes sp. through morphological, physiological and biochemical examinations. After cultivation, the strain was enhanced by 26.3% in its degradation capacity for 2,6-DTBP. Results indicated that the strain was able to utilize 2,6-DTBP, lysine, lactamine, citrate, n-utenedioic acid and malic acid as the sole carbon and energy source, alkalinize acetamide, asparagine, L-histidine, acetate, citrate and propionate,but failed to utilize glucose, D-fructose, D-seminose, D-xylose, sedne and phenylalanine as the sole carbon and energy source. The optimal growth conditions were determined to be: temperature 37℃, pH 7.0, inoculum size 0.1% and shaker rotary speed 250 r/min. Under the optimal conditions, the degradation kinetics of 2,6-DTBP with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L was studied. Results indicated that 62.4% of 2,6-DTBP was removed after 11 d. The degradation kinetics could be expressed by Eckenfelder equation with a half life of 9.38 d. In addition, the initial concentration of 2,6-DTBP played an important role on the degradation ability of the strain. The maximum initial concentration of 2,6-DTBP was determined to be 200 mg/L. Above this level, the strain was overloaded and exhibited significant inhibition.     

一株耐镉伯克氏菌的分离鉴定及其对镉的吸收转运特性

农田土壤镉（Cd）污染日益加剧,严重威胁着农村生态安全与居民身体健康,而微生物修复被认为是一种行之有效的Cd污染土壤原位修复方法.为了给Cd污染土壤微生物修复提供功能菌株,采取平板划线从Cd污染土壤中分离纯化得到一株高耐性耐Cd菌株B-6,通过生理生化试验及16S rDNA对其进行了鉴定,并研究了菌株对Cd²⁺的吸收转运特性.经鉴定,高耐性耐Cd菌株B-6为伯克霍尔德菌属（Burkholderia cepacia）,其对Cd²⁺的耐受阈值为850 mg·L^-1.通过单因素优化培养发现,菌株B-6对Cd²⁺的吸收量随着培养温度的增加先增大后减小;随着培养液初始pH值的增大先增大后减小,同时发现菌株B-6能够有效调控系统的终点pH值;随着转速的增大先增大后减小.当初始浓度为400 mg·L^-1,培养温度为30℃,培养液初始pH值为5.0,转速为120 r·min^-1,培养时间为72 h时,菌株B-6对Cd²⁺的吸收效果最佳,达到51 mg·g^-1.通过分析亚细胞组分Cd²⁺含量发现,Cd²⁺被菌体吸收后主要赋存于细胞壁.     

利用混合C9重芳烃回收磺酸盐装置的技术经济分析

介绍了回收磺酸盐生产工艺,对其装置的产品成本进行了测算,并对盈亏平衡及其敏感性进行了分析,进而确定了主要经济指标.     

一株耐辐射枯草芽孢杆菌的辐照抗性研究

研究室经过对枯草芽孢杆菌黑色变种进行了两次中子辐照,一次γ辐照和一次紫外线辐照,筛选得到了一株辐射抗性较强的菌株,称为耐辐射株.为了系统地考察这株耐辐射株的辐照抗性,分别以芽孢和营养体为材料,研究了其对中子、脉冲X光和紫外线的耐受性.结果显示,这株耐辐射株与原菌相比,对不同射线的耐受性都有不同程度的提高.但对于不同的辐...     

餐厨垃圾好氧生物处理菌株的选育

文章以枯草芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌等10株细菌为出发菌株,以耐高温、生长速度快、生物安全性、生物拮抗性以及产酶能力为筛选原则,从中筛选得到4株细菌,分别为:地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis,TKFW1003)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium,TKFW1005)、纳豆芽孢杆菌(Bacillus natto,TKFW1102)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis,TKFW1108)。然后将筛选得到的4株细菌按10%的比例添加到30 L固态发酵罐中,再添加10%的麸皮和50%的水为辅料,对餐厨垃圾进行固态发酵处理。最后将固态发酵结束后得到的产品取出烘干粉碎,经检测:经好氧微生物处理后得到的产品,其有效活菌数、有机质含量、水分含量及蛔虫卵死亡率等指标均达到了农业部农用有机肥标准,此法实现了餐厨垃圾的无害化、资源化、减量化处理,具有生产成本低、无二次污染、可操作性强等优点。     

4株细菌处理乳品废水效果的比较研究

文章采用SBR工艺比较了4株细菌R-1,R-2,R-3和R-4处理乳品废水的效果。结果表明进水COD为395.55mg/L的乳品废水,水力停留时间(HRT)为24h,细菌直接处理乳品废水效果最佳菌株为R-1,废水COD去除率为44.3%;通过活性炭吸附后处理效果最佳菌株为R-1,废水COD去除率为69.06%;通过海藻酸钠包埋后4株细菌处理效果最佳菌株为R-1,废水COD去除率为71.12%。通过4株细菌处理乳品废水效果的比较,得出处理效果最佳的菌株为R-1,海藻酸钠包埋后的处理效果好于活性炭吸附,直接处理的效果最差。     

反硝化微生物在污水脱氮中的研究及应用进展

农药和化肥流失、养殖废水、生活污水等均会引起水体的氮污染。反硝化微生物在污染水体脱氮修复中起重要作用,它可将水体中的亚硝酸盐氮或硝酸盐氮还原为N2,排入大气,从而降低污染水体中含氮污染物的浓度,改善水质。因此,对反硝化微生物进行研究有重要的意义。文章从功能特性、典型菌株、反硝化酶系等方面对反硝化微生物及其作用机制进行了论述,对其在污水脱氮方面的研究及应用进展做了较为详细的介绍,最后阐明了目前存在的问题和发展趋势。     

Isolation and characterization of Sporobolomyces sp. LF1 capable of degrading chlorimuron-ethyl

A yeast strain which was capable of degrading sulfonylurea herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl named as LF1 was isolated from a chlorimuron-ethyl contaminated soil near the warehouse of the factory producing chlorimuron-ethyl in Shenyang City, Northeast China. The strain was identified as Sporobolomyces sp., based on its morphological and physiological characteristics and the phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequence. So far, this is the only yeast strain of Sporobolomyces sp. which is able to degrade chlorimuronethyl. Incubation tests showed that when the initial concentration of chlorimuron-ethyl in culture was 5 mg/L, LF1 could degrade more than 77% of the herbicide after incubation for 4 d at 30°C. The possible mechanism of chlorimuron-ethyl degradation by LF1 could be the acidic hydrolysis caused by the acids from the metabolism of the yeast strain. Further study should be conducted to examine the pathways of chlorimuron-ethyl degradation by LF1 and to approach the feasibility of using LF1 to degrade the chlorimuron-ethyl in soil system.     

七株硫酸盐还原菌汞甲基化能力的比较

目前硫酸盐还原菌汞甲基化的研究集中在Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ND132菌株上,由于D.desulfuricans ND132并非商业化提供的菌株,使得国内很多实验室难以获得该菌株开展微生物汞甲基化的相关研究.本文收集了7株商业化的硫酸盐还原菌,通过系统研究探寻其中可用作替代的汞甲基化模式菌株.在实验室培养条件下,通过对甲基化关键基因(hgcA和hgcB)、生长特性、汞的耐受性以及汞甲基化能力的测试,结果发现,Desulfomicrobium escambiense(CGMCC 1.3481)生长较快、具有较好的汞甲基化率(7.5%±0.7%),具备作为汞甲基化模式菌株的潜力.     

一株造纸废水降解菌的分离、鉴定及特性研究

将不同稀释倍数的造纸废水接种在细菌培养基上,培养2 d后采用划线法分离,然后采用琼脂块培养法,把每一个长满单菌落的琼脂块分别接种到选择培养基中,选取COD降解能力最大的作为目标菌株,最后从造纸废水初始浓度、温度、pH值、接种量、降解时间等方面讨论了该菌株对造纸综合废水的降解特性。结果表明:所筛得的目标降解菌ZH3菌体直径为(0.6～0.8)μm×(1.4～2.4)μm,杆状,有数根鞭毛,无芽孢,为革兰氏阴性菌,初步鉴定该菌属产碱假单胞菌,该菌降解造纸综合废水的适宜条件为废水初始COD浓度为500 mg/L,温度为30～35℃,pH为7.0,接种量为10%,降解时间为48 h。