内酯型槐糖脂修复石油污染土壤的影响因素

采用内酯型槐糖脂(SL50)修复石油污染土壤。通过单因子实验与正交实验,考察了槐糖脂溶液质量浓度、振荡时间、反应体系初始pH、NaCl加入量以及固液比(土壤质量与表面活性剂溶液体积之比)对污染土壤石油烃洗脱率的影响。单因子模型回归分析结果表明,参数变量均符合二次拟合模型,槐糖脂溶液质量浓度、反应体系初始pH以及NaCl加入量的二次模型拟合效果较好。正交实验结果表明,槐糖脂溶液质量浓度和反应体系初始pH是该实验的敏感性因子,最优洗脱条件为槐糖脂溶液质量浓度40 mg/L、反应体系初始pH 9、NaCl加入量6%(w)。     

银杏叶内酯的提取工艺

银杏树（GinkgoBiboba）又名白果树,为我国特有植物,素有“活化石”之称。银杏叶中含有的银杏苦内酯A、B、C（Ginkgolides）均系二萜类物质,其共同特征是含有多个五元环、三个内酯环和一个特丁基。近10年来,国外学者对银杏内酯的药理作用进行了广泛深人的研究,发现其对血小板活化因子（简称PAF）具有特殊的拮抗作用,而PAF是许多疾病发病的重要介质,因此,银杏苦内酯对治疗哮喘、心脑血管疾病和多种炎症有特殊的作用［1.2」。由于银杏叶中内酯含量极低,内酯的提取一直是一项较困难的工作。鉴于桂北地区是我国较大的银杏产地,为…     

高温和干旱对银杏光合作用、叶片中黄酮苷和萜类内酯含量的影响

为了探讨高温和干旱的相互作用对银杏(Ginkgo biloba)生长及叶内次生代谢物的影响，设干旱、高温(夜间30℃)和干旱 高温3个处理，测定了2年生银杏幼苗的生长指标、光合特性、叶片水势、气孔导度以及叶内黄酮苷和萜类内酯的含量。与对照(未经干旱或高温处理)相比，高温引起银杏叶片最大净光合速率降低，气孔导度和光补偿点增加；干旱处理后，银杏最大净光合速率、气孔导度和叶片水势均降低，但光补偿点以及叶片黄酮苷和萜类内酯含量增加，表观量子产量变化不明显。高温和干旱共同作用下，银杏光补偿点和呼吸速率增高，光饱和点显著降低，根冠干重比无统计学上显著变化，但总干重降低。上述结果说明干旱和高温降低了银杏对光的适应范围，银杏光能利用效率变低，气孔导度下降，最大净光合速率降低，呼吸作用增强，抑制了生长；干旱引起黄酮苷和萜类内酯含量增加的幅度大于高温。     

Performance and role of N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-based quorum sensing (QS) in aerobic granules

The present study investigated the relationship between N-acyl-homoserine lactone（AHL）-based quorum sensing（QS） and the physico-chemical properties of aerobic granules.Stable mature granules were observed in SBR2 and SBR3 with average diameters of 0.96,and1.49 mm,respectively. The sludge densities of aerobic granules in SBR2 and SBR3 were1.0246,and 1.0201 g/mL,respectively,which were higher than that of flocculent sludge in SBR1（1.0065 g/mL）. The results showed that the activity of AHL-based QS in SBR2 and SBR3 amounted to 2.4- and 2.1-fold induction,however,that in SBR1 with flocculent sludge was1.6-fold induction. In addition,the results also showed that the activity of AHL-based QS in the three reactors rose in the feast condition,and then dropped with the consumption of substrate. However,the activity of AHL-based QS in these three reactors recovered again in prolonged starvation. Furthermore,the results showed that the enhancement of AHL-based QS favored the extracellular polymeric substance production of microorganisms in activated sludge. Thus,it could be concluded that aerobic granules showed higher AHL-based QS than flocculent sludge,which resulted from the higher sludge density of aerobic granules than flocculent sludge. AHL-based QS was related to the metabolism energy in the feast condition; however,in prolonged starvation,microorganisms would emit more AHL-like molecules to protect themselves to resist starvation. Moreover,the enhancement of AHL-based QS favored the EPS component productivity of the microorganisms in activated sludge,which contributed to maintain the aerobic granular structure.