活性污泥微生物以乙酸为碳源合成聚羟基烷酸酯的研究

聚羟基烷酸酯(polyhydroxyalkanoate,PHA)是一种生物可降解塑料,利用活性污泥合成PHA具有操作方便的优点.本研究对长期驯化的厌氧-好氧活性污泥工艺在厌氧条件下及好氧活性污泥工艺在好氧条件下利用乙酸合成PHA进行了比较分析,发现好氧活性污泥可以合成较多的PHA.在此基础上,研究了好氧条件下乙酸加入次数、乙酸浓度及硝化抑制剂(丙烯基硫脲,ATU)对PHA合成的影响,结果表明,将乙酸分3次加入到反应器、乙酸浓度为2 925 mg/L及加入6.74 mg/L ATU时,可以使污泥挥发性悬浮固体物中PHA的含量达到56.3%.     

Validation of a conductometric bienzyme biosensor for the detection of proteins as marker of organic matter in river samples

This article describes a conductometric bi-layer based bienzyme biosensor for the detection of proteins as a marker of organic matter in rivers. Proteins were chosen to be used as indicators of urban pollution. The working mechanism of the bienzyme biosensor is based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins into several fractions (peptides and amino acids), which results in a local conductivity change depending of the concentration of proteins. In this work, we began with the optimization of biosensor response using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as standard protein. For this objective seven enzymatic biosensors were prepared: four enzymatic sensors with only one layer of enzyme (proteinase K, trypsin, pronase or protease X) and three other enzymatic sensors with two layers (first layer: membrane containing proteinase K; second layer: one of the three other enzymes: trypsin, pronase or protease X). The biosensors were obtained through the deposition of enzymatic layers and the cross-linking process between enzymes and BSA in saturated glutaraldehyde vapour. The response of the various biosensors, described previously, were compared with the values of total organic carbon (TOC), and those of organic nitrogen (Norg), as determined by the laboratory accredits (CEMAGREF of Lyon) using the traditional method of analysis (NF EN 1484, infrared spectroscopy) and (NF EN 25663, mineralization/colorimetry assay) respectively for each water sample obtained from di erent sites in Lyon (France). The linear correlations obtained with the response of the seven biosensors showed the most important indices of correlations for the biosensor with two enzymatic layers: proteinase K + pronase (pkp). The optimum conditions for the preparation of the pkp biosensor increased the sensitivity and gave a limit of quantification of 0.583 g/L for TOC and 0.218 g/L for Norg in water samples. This sensor shows good reproducibility (2.28%), a capacity to be used at temperatures range 10– 30°C (depending on the season) and moreover a long lifetime (5 weeks).     

Preparation of nanoparticles with an environment-friendly approach

Developing various approaches for preparing high performance materials has long been topics and tasks both for scientists and for engineers.Despite that many methods have been developed for preparing nanomaterials,developing simple and environment-friendly ways for preparing nanomaterials is very attractive.A simple approach of synthesizing Fe3O4 nanoparticles by arc-discharge submerging in water was reported.The results showed that by this method Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be synthesized in large scale.The as-prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibit uniform spherical shape and their diameters varied with arc-discharging parameters.The experimental results showed that the size of the synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be controlled through adjusting the processing parameters.Since no vacuum system has been used,the synthesizing process is greatly simplified.In addition,only cheap deionized water and industrial iron bar are used and no pollution or harmful by-products are found in the synthesis process.It indicated that the present approach is a simple,low-cost and environment-friendly for preparing nanoparticles.     

Nickel accumulation and its effect on biomass, protein content and antioxidative enzymes in roots and leaves of watercress （Nasturtium officinale R. Br.）

In order to understand its response towards nickel stress, watercress (Nasturtium o cinale R. Br.) was exposed to nickel (1–25 mg/L) for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. The accumulation and translocation of nickel were determined and the influence of nickel on biomass, protein content and enzymatic antioxidants was examined for both roots and leaves. It was determined that N. o cinale could accumulate appreciable amounts of Ni in both roots and leaves. Nickel accumulated particularly in the roots of plants. Biomass increased at low nickel concentrations but certain measurable change was not found at high concentrations. Under stress conditions the antioxidant enzymes were up-regulated compared to control. An increase in protein content and enzyme activities was observed at moderate exposure conditions followed by a decline at both roots and leaves. The maximum enzyme activities were observed at di erent exposure conditions. Our results showed that N. o cinale had the capacity to overcome nickel-induced stress especially at moderate nickel exposure. Therefore, N. o cinale may be used as a phytoremediator in moderately polluted aquatic ecosystems.     

合成生物技术对生物多样性影响的评估探索

合成生物技术是近年来兴起的一类新兴生物技术,是现代生物技术的新发展阶段;在微生物细胞工厂、人工合成菌群、人工基因组合成、基因组编辑和基因驱动等多个领域取得了一系列重要进展,也获得了多国政府及产学研机构的大力支持.随着合成生物技术研究、开发与应用的深入发展,评估其对人类社会生存发展至关重要的生物多样性的影响成为一个重要课...     

高密度电荷阳离子聚电解质的制备及应用

采用酯交换反应合成高密度电荷阳离子聚电解质（粘均分子量260万、电荷密度45％）．用于油污泥的混凝处理。试验结果表明．高密度电荷阳离子聚电解质可以使粘土颗粒表面Zeta电位中和到0mV,并使油污泥实现油、水与泥渣三相分层,油品回收率达82％     

Promotive Effect of Glutathione on the Formation of DNA-Protein Crosslinks Induced by Formaldehyde in vitro and in vivo

研究发现,在环境水平的甲醛染毒之后,动物体内的谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量会发生显著减少,并呈现剂量-效应关系.值得思索的是,GSH的减少对甲醛所致的遗传毒性指标DNA-蛋白质交联(DPC)没有明显的保护作用.为了深入探讨GSH与甲醛的联合作用,进行了体外和体内两项实验.体外实验以Hela细胞为实验材料,实验组分为4组:对照组、250μMGSH组、250μM甲醛组、250μM甲醛和250μMGSH联合作用组;体内实验以昆明小鼠为实验材料,采用腹腔注射方法连续染毒两周.实验组分为4组:对照组、1mMGSH组、1mM甲醛组、1mM甲醛和1mM GSH联合作用组.体外实验与体内实验结果表明,单独GSH染毒组所致DPC与试剂对照组之间没有统计学差异(p>0.05;p>0.05),甲醛染毒组所致DPC显著高于对照组(p<0.01;p<0.05),联合作用组所致DPC不但显著高于试剂对照组(p<0.01;p<0.01)而且还显著高于甲醛染毒组(p<0.05;p<0.01).结果提示,GSH单独作用不能诱导DPC形成,但是GSH对甲醛所致的DPC具有促进作用.同时论文对这种协同作用的发生机制进行了讨论,作者认为GSH与甲醛的协同作用,和GSH与一氧化氮的协同作用的分子机制类似。     

群体感应现象及其在生物膜法水处理中的应用

群体感应是指细菌通过感知分泌到环境中自诱导物浓度的变化来调整基因表达,增强其在复杂环境中的生存能力,是细菌行为社会化的体现.研究者对群体感应的微生态凋控机制进行了深入的探讨,包括自诱导物的合成、运输和对目的基因的表达调控,以及各信号通路之间的竞争关系对细菌适应环境的影响.本文分析了当前相关研究中的热点问题,提出了群体感应机制在生物法水处理领域中的潜在应用方式.图2参32     

稀土元素对怀槐悬浮培养细胞异黄酮合成及氧化还原态的影响

在培养基中添加不同浓度的硝酸铈和硝酸镧,并检测怀槐细胞悬浮培养过程中异黄酮含量、苯丙氨酸裂解酶(PAL)酶活、还原型谷胱甘肽和氧化型谷胱甘肽含量的变化,以探讨稀土元素对怀槐细胞合成异黄酮的影响和机制.结果表明, 20 mmol L-1硝酸铈和10 mmol L-1硝酸镧较适合诱导怀槐悬浮培养细胞合成异黄酮;细胞培养过程中,硝酸铈和硝酸镧诱导异黄酮合成的变化趋势与PAL酶的活性变化一致;氧化还原态变化分析发现,硝酸铈和硝酸镧处理的细胞中GSH/GSSG比例分别在d 3和d 2达到最大值,是同期对照的1.46和1.47倍,而异黄酮含量则在d 4和d 3达到最大值,分别达到了271.42 μg g-1 (DW)和279.32 μg g-1 (DW).研究结果显示,怀槐细胞悬浮培养中添加稀土元素提高次生代谢产物异黄酮的合成可能与稀土元素诱导细胞氧化还原态的改变有关.图3参16     

嗜热脂肪土芽孢杆菌木聚糖酶基因的合成及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

来自嗜热脂肪土芽孢杆菌的木聚糖内切酶XT6在工业上有着重要的应用,已经成功应用于工业规模的生产试验.本文作者在合成XT6基因全序列的同时对其密码子进行了优化,且构建重组质粒在大肠杆菌中高表达.通过优化表达条件,功能正常的XT6基因在大肠杆菌中成功过量表达,蛋白表达量占细胞中总蛋白的65%.重组表达的木聚糖内切酶XT6特性和天然酶相似,以桦木木聚糖为底物测定细胞提取物中木聚糖酶活性,最大活性高达3 030 U/mL.本文首次报道了来自嗜热脂肪土芽孢杆菌中木聚糖酶基因全序列的合成和在大肠杆菌中成功过量表达.图6表1参19