Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin - In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides

Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan（EN） and Lambda-cyhalothrin（LC）; individually and in combination. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide（MTT） assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains（TA98, TA100） were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant（p 〈 0.05） increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity.     

强磁场影响下菌株B1对染料的脱色作用

从校园土壤中筛选出一株对人工合成染料酸性红B有一定脱色能力的菌株B1(芽孢杆菌属),经过6.0、8.0、8.0T的强磁场分别作用30、15、30 min后进行了脱色试验;根据实验数据,得到染料脱色模型.结果表明,强磁场对B1具有诱变作用,能使其脱色能力得到强化.     

一株高效解磷细菌的紫外诱变选育及其在红壤稻田施用效果

红壤对磷有强大吸附固定力,磷肥易被土壤中活性铁、铝固定而使有效态磷转化为各种形态的非有效磷,从而大大降低磷肥的利用率。解磷菌能使土壤中难溶性或不溶性的磷转化为易于被植物吸收利用的磷。通过对江西鹰潭红壤分离筛选并经过紫外诱变获得一株性状稳定的高效解磷细菌Y8。经鉴定,菌株Y8为蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）。通过与生产中应用的徐州华龙高效复合菌肥厂的解磷细菌X3相比,菌株Y8降解有机磷、溶解Ca3（PO4）2的能力均比较高,分别为155.3mg·L^-1和240.1mg·L^-1。研究各种理化因子对菌株Y8解磷能力的影响,确定了菌株Y8的最佳培养条件为葡萄糖20g·L^-1、NH4（SO4）21.5g·L^-1、pH7.0、温度为35℃,在该条件下菌株Y8溶解Ca3（PO4）2的量为295.6mg·L^-1。在江西鹰潭红壤稻田的施用试验表明,将菌株Y8制成微生物菌剂施用于水稻田可起到减施化肥的作用。     

玉米芯生产单细胞蛋白研究：生产SCP的Candida Boidinii No.22 …

本研究对用玉米芯酸水解液生产ＳＣＰ的Ｃａｎｄｉｄａ ｂｏｉｄｉｎｉｉ Ｎｏ．２２０１诱变株进行了初步筛选,选出了诱变菌株Ｙ－１０８,其产量比原菌种增加２５％左右,达到了２８ｇ／Ｌ－３０ｇ／Ｌ,产品粗蛋白含量为３５％。初步研究表明,利用诱变株Ｙ－１０８生产ＳＣＰ有可能成为未来较好的饲料蛋白添加剂。     

利用广谱性和特异性组合诱变技术选育辅酶Q10高产菌

为提高辅酶Q10产量，采用了对细胞进行全面的非特异性诱变和针对特定途径的特异性诱变相结合的育种策略，以放射型根瘤菌(Rhizobium radiobacter)WSH2601为出发菌株，选择UV射线和亚硝基胍作为诱变剂，在筛选获得放线菌素D抗性突变株的基础上，通过进一步的诱变处理，分别获得了放线菌素D和L-乙基硫氨酸双抗性突变株、放线菌素D和维生素K双抗性突变株，以及抗放线菌素D和X-gal利用能力提高的突变株．与出发菌株相比，突变株辅酶Q10的产量提高幅度达25％-37％，其中一株放线菌素D和L-乙基硫氨酸双抗性突变株WSH-E25，胞内辅酶Q10含量和辅酶Q10总产量分别达到2．86mg g DCW^-1和40．0mg L^-1，均比出发菌株提高了37％，且遗传稳定性良好，图6表2参8     

纤维素高效降解菌NU-H的诱变选育及降解特性

以草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)D1为出发菌株,经过紫外线、亚硝酸以及紫外与亚硝酸复合诱变处理,选育出1株高产纤维素酶突变株NU-H,与出发菌株相比,CMCase酶活提高69.8%,滤纸酶活提高75.28%,另外木聚糖酶活,还原糖得率也有显著地提高。通过单因子及正交实验,研究了突变株纤维素酶对稻草粉水解的最适宜条件。结果表明,该菌株酶解糖化的最佳条件为:温度50℃,时间28 h,纤维素酶浓度为60%,底物浓度3%,pH 4.8,还原糖得率为23.25%。     

一株石油降解菌的紫外诱变育种及其生物修复作用

采用紫外线对一株Kosakonia sp.石油降解菌(S-1)进行紫外诱变育种。在照射功率15 W,波长为253.7 nm的条件下,确定最适诱变时间为140 s,此时正突变率最高。分离选育出一株遗传稳定的突变优势菌Y-16,与出发菌S-1相比,石油降解率提高了22.64%,且在pH值为5~9范围内,Y-16降油率均超过50%,对pH值的适应范围更广,在高浓度盐环境中有更好的耐盐性。经过60 d石油污染土壤的生物修复模拟试验发现,Y-16和S-1的最终石油降解率分别为91.83%和69.58%,其中降解36 d时,Y-16的降油率已达到71.19%,Y-16对石油的降解半衰期是S-1的0.4倍,降解周期更短,生物修复效果更好。     

利用基因工程技术开发生态肥料资源的研究

本文讨论了基因工程技术与农作物蛋白质、脂类的品质改良；基因工程技术与酶类、生物活性肽等生物分解菌剂、激素的研究生产现状及利用基因工程技术开发新型生态肥料资源的应用前景。