壳寡糖诱导转反义mapk基因烟草的TMV抗性和PAL活性研究

壳寡糖具有诱导植物对病原物防御反应的作用,而PAL活性的升高通常被认为是发生抗性反应的标志之一.本文以mapk基因受到反义抑制的转基因枯斑三生烟草为试材,比较了壳寡糖诱导后转基因型和野生型烟草的PAL活性变化及对TMV抗性的变化.由实验结果初步推测,在壳寡糖诱导的植物抗性信号通路中,mapk可能为PAL的一个重要的上游基因,同时mapk在烟草抗TMV信号转导中亦为一个重要组分.图4表2参13     

大气飘尘中苯并[a]芘的激光诱导荧光法测定

以激光诱导荧光法测定大气飘尘中的苯并[a]芘。方法的检测限为0.01μg·l~(-1),降低了常规荧光法的检测限。综合溶剂提取、柱色层及纸色层分离技术,测定了上海市某些地区大气飘尘样品中苯并[a]芘的含量。     

诱导承诺在亲环境行为中的作用机制研究

本文通过两个现场实验分别考察了解释水平、效能信念两类因素是如何在诱导承诺中发挥作用的。实验一考察了时间、社会、空间这三个解释水平维度如何影响诱导承诺的,实验二考察了个体效能、集体效能这两个效能信念是如何影响承诺行为实施的。最终,我们得出这样的结论：①不管高解释水平还是低解释水平,在呈现明显空间距离、社会距离的操控材料时,被试是否做出亲环境行为承诺存在显著差异。②无论时间距离、空间距离还是社会距离,高水平解释倾向都更容易提高亲环境行为承诺。除此之外,我们还验证了公开承诺比私下承诺更适合中国文化背景下的亲环境行为激励。     

低浓度SO2诱导驯化选育脱硫菌研究

采集于城市污水处理厂氧化沟的微生物用100～2 000 mg/m3低浓度SO2气体通入0.5 h停1 h的方式诱导驯化6 d以上,得到生长繁殖速度快、活性高、具有能将亚硫酸根氧化为硫酸根并从中获取能源的脱硫菌,该混合菌中优势菌属氧化亚铁硫杆菌,呈革兰氏染色阴性,杆菌单极生鞭毛运动的专性无机化能自养性菌.驯化过程中逐渐提高SO2浓度、供氧速率以及适时添加N、P、K等营养液对优势菌种的驯化生长起关键作用,驯化所得脱硫菌可只以低浓度SO2气体为能源进行生长,对亚硫酸根水溶液降解速率达160 g/(m3·h),生化降解率超过50%.在填拉西环塔式反应器中降解不高于5 500 mg/m3的SO2气体,气体接触时间3 s时SO2的净化效率达98%以上,出口SO2气体浓度低于100 mg/m3,生化降解率接近80%,对15 000 mg/m3 SO2气体的净化效率也高于95%.     

三叶鬼针草毛状根的诱导及其对重金属Cd、Pb蓄积

利用发根农杆菌诱导植物毛状根多被利用于药用植物生物技术工程方面.目前植物修复也利用毛状根生长快,侧根分支多与污染源接触表面积大等优点进行污染水体的修复.三叶鬼针草自然植株具有重金属Cd的超富集能力,本文利用发根农杆菌C58C1诱导三叶鬼针草叶片产生毛状根,在1/2MS的液体培养基能稳定、正常生长,并表现对重金属Cd、Pb极强的忍耐和蓄积能力.单一处理时,三叶鬼针草毛状根在Cd≤50μmol·L-1和Pb≤25μmol·L-1时均能正常生长,生物量积累与对照没有明显差异;随处理浓度增加,当Cd≥100μmol·L-1、Pb≥50μmol·L-1时,毛状根生物量积累明显受到抑制.Cd-Pb复合处理时,低浓度Cd(25μmol·L-1)与Pb复合处理,随Pb浓度增加(25、100、200μmol·L-1)三叶鬼针草毛状根生物量逐渐减少,抑制效应随Pb增加而加剧;高浓度Cd(200μmol·L-1)与Pb复合处理,随Pb浓度增加(25、100、200μmol·L-1)生物量逐渐减少,抑制效应随Pb增加而加剧.高浓度Cd与Pb复合处理,毛状根生长受到抑制更严重.单一处理时,当Cd≤50μmol·L-1时,随处理浓度增加Cd蓄积量增加,当Cd≥100μmol·L-1时,重金属蓄积量明显降低,随处理浓度进一步增加,重金属蓄积量已无明显变化.Pb≤100μmol·L-1处理时,毛状根对Pb蓄积量随处理浓度增加微弱降低,但不明显;当Pb≥200μmol·L-1时,随处理浓度增加,毛状根对Pb蓄积量明显降低.Cd-Pb复合胁迫,低、中Pb(Pb≤100μmol·L-1)促进毛状根对Cd富集,高浓度Pb(Pb≥200μmol·L-1)则抑制Cd的富集;低浓度Cd仅对低浓度25μmol·L-1时Pb有微弱促进积累效应,其余均抑制Pb富集.这说明三叶鬼针草毛状根可作为重金属Cd、Pb污染水体潜在的植物修复新材料.     

铜绿微囊藻胁迫对黄菖蒲化感作用的诱导效应

通过研究不同初始密度铜绿微囊藻与黄菖蒲共同培养的种植水对铜绿微囊藻生长特性的影响,分析了铜绿微囊藻胁迫对黄菖蒲化感作用的诱导效应。结果显示,初始藻密度分别为0,1.0×105,1.0×106和1.0×107 cell/mL时,相对应的黄菖蒲种植水对铜绿微囊藻的抑制率及铜绿微囊藻MDA浓度先逐渐增加然后降低;同时,铜绿微囊藻叶绿素a浓度呈现先降低后增加的趋势;各个处理组中,铜绿微囊藻SOD活性也表现出明显的差异,表明铜绿微囊藻胁迫对黄菖蒲的化感作用具有一定的诱导效应,具体表现为:一定范围内,铜绿微囊藻初始密度越高,其胁迫效应促使黄菖蒲释放越多的化感物质,导致其种植水化感抑藻能力增强,但是在铜绿微囊藻密度过高时,黄菖蒲种植水的化感抑藻能力开始降低。     

Unexpected phenotypes of malformations induced in Xenopus tropicalis embryos by combined exposure to triphenyltin and 9-cis-retinoic acid

Xenopus tropicalis embryos were exposed for 48 hr to the mixtures of 5 g Sn/L triphenyltin(TPT), which is a well-known endocrine disruptor, and 0.25–5 g/L 9-cis retinoic acid(9c-RA), which is the natural ligand of retinoid X receptor. The phenotypes induced by combined exposure were more variable than those resulting from single exposure to either TPT or 9c-RA. The prominent phenotypes included underdeveloped head structures, abnormal eyes, narrow fins, enlarged proctodaeum, etc. Especially, combined exposure induced unexpected notochord malformations, which ranged from small swellings of the surface of the tails to the extension and extrusion of notochord out of the posterior tails. Compared with the 5 g Sn/L TPT-treated group, the index of fin deficiency was not affected, and the index of axis deficiency was significantly increased with increasing RA concentrations in the mixtures. Our results suggest that combined exposure to TPT and 9c-RA induced not only more variable phenotypes of malformations than exposure to single compound but also some new and unexpected phenotypes.     

Mitochondrial electron transport chain is involved in microcystin-RR induced tobacco BY-2 cells apoptosis

Microcystin-RR （MC-RR） has been suggested to induce apoptosis in tobacco BY-2 cells through mitochondrial dysfunction including the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential . TO further elucidate the mechanisms involved in MC-RR induced apoptosis in tobacco BY-2 cells, we have investigated the role of mitochondrial electron transport chain （ETC） as a potential source for reactive oxygen species （ROS）. Tobacco BY-2 cells after exposure to MC-RR （60 mg/L） displayed apoptotic changes in association with an increased production of ROS and loss of Am. All of these adverse effects were significantly attenuated by ETC inhibitors including Rotenone （2 μmol/L, complex I inhibitor） and antimycin A （0.01 μmol/L, complex III inhibitor）, but not by thenoyltrifluoroacetone （S μmol/L, complex Ⅱinhibitor）. These results suggest that rnitochondrial ETC plays a key role in mediating MC-RR induced apoptosis in tobacco BY-2 cells through an increased mitochondrial production of ROS.     

电镀钨基系列非晶合金代替镀铬

由长沙高新技术产业开发区英才科技有限公司开发的电镀钨基系列非晶合金代替镀铬应用技术可广泛应用于军工、建筑机械、冶金、采矿设备、模具、汽车、航空航天、制药、印刷等行业的零件(如曲轴、凸轮、轨辊、模具、切削刀具等)和管道系统的表面涂层。     

Sterilization of Escherichia coli cells by the application of pulsed magnetic field

The inactivation of microorganisms by pulsed magnetic field was studied. It was improved that the application of electromagnetic pulses evidently causes a lethal effect on E. coil cells suspended in phosphate buffer solution Na2HPO4/NaH2 PO4 (0.334/0.867mmol/L). Experimental results indicated that the survivability( N/N0 ; where N0 and N are the number of cells survived per milliliter before and after electromagnetic pulses application, respectively) of E. coil decreased with magnetic field intensity B and treatment time t. It was also found that the medium temperatures, the frequencies of pulse f, and the initial bacterial cell concentrations have determinate influences in destruction of E. coil cells by the application of magnetic pulses. The application of an magnetic intensity B = 160 mT at pulses frequency f= 62 kHz and treatment time t = 16 h result in a considerable destruction levels of E. coil cells ( N/N0=10^-4). Possible mechanisms involved in sterilization of the magnetic field treatment were discussed. In order to shorten the treatment time, many groups of parallel inductive coil were used. The practicability test showed that the treatment time was shortened to 4 h with the application of three groups of parallel coil when the survivability of E. coli cells was less than 0.01%; and the power consumption was about 0.2 kWh/m^3 .