环境监测分析中的质量保证

环境监测质量保证是一种保证监测数据准确可靠的方法,也是科学管理实验室的有效措施,可以大大提高数据的质量,使环境监测建立在可靠的基础上。     

三峡水利工程建设三对峡地区环境影响与控制对策

本文对三峡工程开工以来对三峡地区的环境影响作了综合评价，揭示了受工程影响后所产生的大气环境、水环境、生态环境等问题。然后针对出现的若干问题，论述了大型水利工程对环境大系统影响的模糊性，提出了环境影响“不确定性”的概念，同时试图应用可靠性分析方法来评价各种不确定性的环境因素。针对三峡工程建设所产生的实际环境问题，提出了控制与治理对策。     

Controlled-release fertilizer(CRF):A green fertilizer for controlling non-point contamination in agriculture

Fertilizers contribute greatly to high yields but also result in environmental non-point contamination, including the emission of greenhouse gas(N2O) and eutrophication of water bodies. How to solve this problem has become a serious challenge, especially for China as its high ecological pressure. Controlled-release fertilizer(CRF) has been developed to minimize the contamination while keeping high yield and has become a green fertilizer for agriculture. Several CRFs made with special coating technology were used for testing the fertilizer effects in yield and environment through pot experiment and field trial. The result indicated that the CRFs had higher N use efficiency, thus reducing N loss through leaching and volatilization while keeping higher yields. Comparing with imported standard CRFs,the test on CRFs showed similar fertilizer effect but with much lower cost. CRFs application is becoming a new approach for minimizing non-point contamination in agriculture.     

中小企业面对ISO14001标准的发展对策

简要论述中小企业实施ＩＳＯ １４４００１标准、建立 环境管理体系面临机遇和挑战，以及中小企业实施ＩＳＯ １４００１标准的对策。     

美国的噪声污染控制法规与标准

本文介绍了美国噪声污染控制的历史沿革、标准体系情况、联邦和州在噪声控制中的权限和近期动态等。     

基于"引导控制"模式的世博会期间上海交通环境承载力调控策略

根据国外世博会实践经验，分析了上海世博会期间参观客流规模、世博园区周边道路设施及自然环境容量条件、游客对交通模式的选择等因素，指出必须对上海世博会期间交通环境承载力进行调控。论述了世博会客流属于较长期高强度客流，传统的以强制性手段为主的调控策略主要用于短期高强度客流的调控，并不适于世博会。比较了各种交通方式的优劣，提出了基于“引导控制”模式的交通环境承载力调控策略：以“引导”手段为主，通过提高公交运行效率，补偿转换交通等措施吸引世博客流向公交方式转移：以“控制”手段为辅，在世博园区周围一定范围内限制社会车辆出入．使用清洁能源车辆，以保证世博会期间客流集散，并降低世博会期间客流对自然环境的影响。     

应用HSE实施程序加强现场工程项目环保工作

安全、环境、健康工作是工程项目中永恒的主题 , 而且 HSE管理体系是国际公认的先进管理体系 , 是社会化大生产中智慧的结晶 , 是一项全员、全过程、全方位的系统工程 . 为此 , 推行 HSE、普及 HSE、落实 HSE已成为保障工程项目顺利进行的有效手段和途径 . 工程项目具有流动作业、野外作业、高空作业、交叉作业、动火作业、接触有毒有害物质较多等突出特点 , 因此应编制项目 HSE实施程序 , 并在施工过程中严格执行 , 进一步提高全体员工的环保意识 , 更好地落实项目中的环保目标责任制 , 强化生产全过程污染监督和控制 , 提高环境保护水平 , 减少环境污染事故的发生 , 为实施可持续发展战略 , 走清洁生产之路做有益的尝试 .     

污染源废气监测采样中应注意的几个问题

阐述污染源废气在采样前的准备工作,采样中的监测细节,采样后的样品运输及存放,采样过程中的质量控制等方面,提高采样的质量和效率的实施细则。     

延平湖城区水环境石油类污染与控制

通过对延平湖城区水环境石油类污染的监测分析、评价，查找原因，并据此提出控制对策。     

GHG emission reductions and costs to achieve Kyoto target

Emission projection and marginal abatement cost curves (MACs) are the central components of any assessment of future carbonmarket, such as CDM (clean development mechanism) potentials, carbon quota price etc. However, they are products of very complex,dynamic systems driven by forces like population growth, economic development, resource endowments, technology progress and so on. The modeling approaches for emission projection and MACs evaluation were summarized, and some major models and their results were compared.Accordingly, reduction and cost requirements to achieve the Kyoto target were estimated. It is concluded that Annex I Parties‘ total reduction requirements range from 503--1304 MtC with USA participation and decrease significantly to 140--612 MtC after USA‘ s withdrawal. Total costs vary from 21--77 BUSD with USA and from 5--36 BUSD without USA if only domestic reduction actions are taken. The costs would sharply reduce while considering the three flexible mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol with domestic actions‘ share in the all mitigation strategies drons to only 0--16%.