蛋白质和磷酸水解酶在废水处理系统中的活性和作用

通过分析亮氨酸氨基肽酶和碱性磷酸酶,研究了厌氧-缺氧-好氧废水处理系统中蛋白质和磷酸水解酶的活性及其作用.结果表明,亮氨酸氨基肽酶存在缺氧和好氧池中的活性分别达19.2 цmol L-1 h-1和21.6 ц mol L-1 h-1;而碱性磷酸酶在厌氧池中占主导地位,平均活性达32.5 ц mol L-1,h-1,好氧池中的活性只有厌氧池的一半,缺氧池中的酶活性最小.动力学研究得到,厌氧条件碱性磷酸酶的最大反应速度v 为778.42 ц mol L-1 h-1,是亮氨酸氨基肽酶Vmax值的一百倍以上;亮氨酸氨基肽酶的Vmax值在厌氧、缺氧、好氧池中依次增大.此外,外加的NO2-、NO3-离子对亮氨酸氨基肽,酶和P043-离子对碱性磷酸酶的活性均有不同程度的促进作用,只有浓度为50 mg/L的P043-对碱性磷酸酶有显著的抑制.     

SO42-/TiO2-WO3光催化氧化邻硝基苯酚

研究了用H2SO4溶液浸渍处理TiO2-WO3，制备SO4^2-／TiO2-WO3催化剂的方法；考察了该催化剂对邻硝基苯酚的光催化氧化性能。TiO2-WO3的最佳处理工艺条件：H2SO4浓度为0．2mol/L，WO3加入量为3％，于550℃焙烧3h。实验结果表明，反应30min后SO4^2-／TiO2-WO3催化剂可使邻硝基苯酚降解97％；邻硝基苯酚的光催化氧化降解过程遵循一级动力学规律。     

强制电化学处理邻硝基氯苯的最佳条件探讨

实验研究了强制电化学对水中邻硝基氯苯的降解作用,为了确定电化学降解邻硝基氯笨的最优方案,分别进行了停留时间、电解电压、电流强度、pH值等各影响因素的单因素实验及正交实验.结果表明电解过程中电流是影响邻硝基氯苯降解效果的最主要的因素,其次是pH值.最佳电解条件下邻硝基氯苯的去除率达到100%.同时也说明电解邻硝基氯笨过程中主要是靠电量的累积实现的.     

邻菲啰啉直接光度法测定水中总铁

提出了测定水中总铁的新方法-邻菲哆啉直接光度法。该方法检出限为0．03mg／L,显色络合物显色15min后可稳定6个月,精密度RSD〈4．32％,加标回收率为95．3％～103％。对地下水、地表水、工业废水和铁标准样品的比对实验表明,邻菲哆啉直接光度法与邻菲哆啉光度法（标准法）的测定结果无显著差异。     

分散絮凝法去除废水中邻氯苯酚的试验研究

采用表面活性剂(吐温-20和0.5%的十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液)作分散剂、三氯化铁作絮凝剂,对废水中邻氯苯酚的去除进行了试验研究,探讨了絮凝pH值、分散剂用量及絮凝剂用量等因素对处理效果的影响.试验结果表明:在最佳条件下,处理质量分数为1.0%的邻氯苯酚废水去除率可达88.6%;加入分散剂,可有效提高三氯化铁絮凝剂对邻氯苯酚的去除率.     

邻菲哆啉直接光度法测定水中总铁

提出了测定水中总铁的新方法-邻菲哆啉直接光度法。该方法检出限为0．03mg／L,显色络合物显色15min后可稳定6个月,精密度RSD〈4．32％,加标回收率为95．3％～103％。对地下水、地表水、工业废水和铁标准样品的比对实验表明,邻菲哆啉直接光度法与邻菲哆啉光度法（标准法）的测定结果无显著差异。     

对氨基苯磺酸降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

对大连某城市污水处理厂活性污泥进行长期驯化,筛选得到好氧条件下以对氨基苯磺酸（4-aminobenzenesulphonate,4-ABS）为唯一碳源和能源生长的高效降解菌株W1.根据菌株W1的形态特征、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为Pannonibacter菌属.通过考察生长条件对降解效果的影响,确定了该菌株降解4-ABS的优化条件为：接种量10%、　30℃、　pH 7、摇床转速150 r/min,并且在有外加碳源的情况下仍保持较高的4-ABS降解活性.在4-ABS的降解过程中,4-ABS自身含有的氨基和磺酸基会以NH⁺₄和SO^2-₄的形式释放到水体中,但浓度仅为理论释放量的77.6%和91.5%,推测原因是部分释放的NH⁺₄和SO^2-₄被菌株W1作为氮源和硫源利用;菌株W1可以耐受2 500 mg/L的4-ABS,且在32 h内实现90%的降解率;4-ABS降解率为94.7%时,可以实现84.4%的TOC去除率,且没有检测到其它芳香化合物生成,表明菌株W1可以实现4-ABS的彻底矿化.     

Biodegradation of Crystal Violet by Agrobacterium radiobacter

Agrobacterium radiobacter MTCC 8161 completely decolorized the Crystal Violet with 8 hr (10 mg/L) at static anoxic conditions. The decreased decolorization capability by A. radiobacter was observed, when the Crystal Violet concentration was increased from 10 to 100 mg/L. Semi-synthetic medium containing 1% yeast extract and 0.1% NH4Cl has shown 100% decolorization of Crystal Violet within 5 hr. A complete degradation of Crystal Violet by A. radiobacter was observed up to 7 cycles of repeated addition (10 mg/L). When the effect of increasing inoculum concentration on decolorization of Crystal Violet (100 mg/L) was studied, maximum decolorization was observed with 15% inoculum concentration. A significant increase in the activities of laccase (184%) and aminopyrine N-demethylase (300%) in cells obtained after decolorization indicated the involvement of these enzymes in decolorization process. The intermediates formed during the degradation of Crystal Violet were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). It was detected the presence of N,N,N′,N′′-tetramethylpararosaniline, [N; N-dimethylaminophenyl] [N-methylaminophenyl] benzophenone, N; N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 4-methyl amino phenol and phenol. We proposed the hypothetical metabolic pathway of Crystal Violet biodegradation by A. radiobacter. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity study showed that Crystal Violet biodegradation metabolites were less toxic to bacteria (A. radiobacter, P. aurugenosa and A. vinelandii) contributing to soil fertility and for four kinds of plants (Sorghum bicolor, Vigna radiata, Lens culinaris and Triticum aestivum) which are most sensitive, fast growing and commonly used in Indian agriculture.     

Performance of dithiocarbamate-type flocculant in treating simulated polymer flooding produced water

Produced water from polymer flooding is di cult to treat due to its high polymer concentration, high viscosity, and emulsified characteristics. The dithiocarbamate flocculant, DTC (T403), was prepared by the amine-terminated polyoxypropane-ether compound known as Je amine-T403. The product was characterized by IR spectra and elemental analysis. The DTC agent chelating with Fe2+ produced a network polymer matrix, which captured and removed oil droplets e ciently. Oil removal by the flocculent on simulated produced water with 0, 200, 500, 900 mg/L of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) was investigated for aspects of e ectiveness of DTC (T403) dosage and concentrations of HPAM and Fe2+ ions in the wastewater. Results showed that HPAM had a negative influence on oil removal e ciency when DTC (T403) dosage was lower than 20 mg/L. However, residual oil concentrations in tested samples with di erent concentrations of HPAM all decreased below 10 mg/L when DTC (T403) dosage reached 30 mg/L. The concentration of Fe2+ in the initial wastewater had a slight e ect on oil removal at the range of 2–12 mg/L. Results showed that Fe3+ could not be used in place of Fe2+ as Fe3+ could not react with DTC under flocculated conditions. The e ects of mineral salts ions were also investigated.