摩天轮主轴力学特性研究及安全性分析

主轴作为摩天轮最重要的零部件之一,几乎承载着整个运行结构的全部重量,主轴是否满足强度要求,对摩天轮的安全运行起着至关重要的作用.摩天轮主轴上不仅有弯曲正应力,还有弯曲切应力.本文将从力学理论方面讲解弯曲切应力的推导过程,即利用分离体轴向静力平衡推导纵向剖面切应力,利用切应力互等定理推导出轴的弯曲切应力求解公式,并通过A...     

生物质对赤泥壤质化改良的促进作用

为解决赤泥的规模化安全处置问题,以拜耳法赤泥为研究对象,选用玉米秸秆为改良剂,通过分析各改良处理的基本理化指标、土壤酶活性以及微生物群落代谢水平等指标的变化,探究了生物质改良对赤泥壤质化改良的促进作用。结果表明,生物质添加可显著降低赤泥的盐碱性。其中,pH、电导率(EC)和盐碱度(Exchangeable sodium saturation percentage, ESP)分别降至9.89、0.461 mS·cm^-1和35.2%,且随添加比例的增加改良效果更佳。经生物质添加处理,赤泥基质容重显著降低、孔隙度显著增加,颗粒平均重量直径(Mean weight diameter, MWD)增加至0.38 mm。经生物质改良处理,赤泥中微生物群落的生长代谢水平、多样性以及土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和脱氢酶的活性均有显著升高。冗余分析(Redundancy analysis, RDA)结果表明,微生物群落多样性参数与pH、EC和ESP呈负相关,与MWD呈正相关。本研究结果可为赤泥规模化生态处理提供参考。     

聚乙烯醇降解酶酶解聚乙烯醇最优条件研究

为了提高聚乙烯醇(PVA)降解酶的催化降解能力,对假单胞菌Pseudomonas.sp XT11-Z90S产生的聚乙烯醇降解酶的降解条件进行了优化.同时,通过单因素实验研究了PVA浓度、温度、缓冲液pH对降解酶活性及PVA降解率的影响.最后,应用响应面分析方法对影响聚乙烯醇降解酶酶活的3个因素进一步优化.结果表明,单因素实验得出的适宜PVA浓度、温度、pH分别为1.0g·L-1、50℃、7.0.响应面分析法得出的最适的降解条件为:PVA浓度0.84g·L-1,温度53.5℃,pH值6.8.在最优条件下,PVA降解酶酶活达到了20.3U.mL-1,比优化前的12.2U.mL-1提高了66.4%.且6h后其降解率达到了52.6%.     

木质素降解菌的分离鉴定及木素过氧化物酶的纯化

采用苯胺蓝脱色法,从活性污泥中分离筛选得到2株具有分泌木质素降解过氧化物酶能力的细菌菌株PKE117和PKE225.根据生理生化反应结果和16SrDNA序列分析,初步确定菌株PKE117为Pseudomanas属的1个新种,PKE225为Pseudomanas thermaerum的1个新菌株.对于菌株PKE117的发酵液依次经DEAE-纤维素32、Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤纯化,木素过氧化物酶的藜芦醇氧化比活力从0.87U/mg提高到204.5U/mg,酶的纯化倍数为235.1,回收率15%.     

高碘地下卤水中细菌产碘氧化酶的影响因素

高碘地下卤水的细菌碘氧化过程可以减轻工艺管线的生物污损危害。分离自高碘地下卤水中的细菌Roseovarius sp.IOB-7,其分泌的碘氧化酶可催化氧化碘离子生成能够抑制敏感菌生长的碘单质,从而减少生物污损。实验结果显示,加入16μmol/L的Cu~(2+)可促进IOB-7的生长,并将碘氧化酶活力提高了1.75倍。碘氧化酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适pH为5.5。以碘离子为底物的催化氧化反应中,当pH值为9时,Trametes versicolor漆酶已经完全失活,而碘氧化酶则仍然保持了32%的相对酶活力,显示出更好的pH应用范围和稳定性。开展高碘地下卤水环境中细菌碘氧化酶的研究,对利用生物酶法进行工艺管线生物污损的防治有积极的指导意义。     

含硫芳香族化合物降解酶的定域及胞内产物的鉴定

为研究含硫芳香族化合物的生物降解途径 ,采用静息细胞技术提取假单胞杆菌 (Pseudomonas sp.)不同部位的酶 .结果表明 ,对硝基苯砜基乙酸异丁酯降解酶主要定域在细胞膜周及膜内 .被试化合物在膜内酶的作用下 ,发生碳硫键断裂 ,降解产物是对硝基苯磺酸 .在膜周酶的作用下 ,发生碳硫键和酯的烷氧键 2种方式的断裂 ,生成对硝基苯磺酸和对硝基苯砜基乙酸 .     

Changes in enzymes activity, substrate utilization pattern and diversity of soil microbial communities under cadmium pollution

Heavy metal pollution has received increasing attention in recent years mainly because of the public awareness of environmental issues. In this study we have evaluated the effect of cadmium （Cd） on enzymes activity, substrate utilization pattern and diversity of microbial communities in soil spiked with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/kg Cd, during 60 d of incubation at 25℃. Enzyme activities determined at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 d after heavy metal application（DAA） showed marked declines for various Cd treatments, and up to 60 DAA, 100 mg/kg Cd resulted in 50.1%, 47.4%, and 39.8% decreases in soil urease, acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities, respectively to control. At 60 DAA, substrate utilization pattern of soil microbial communities determined by inoculating Biolog ECO plates indicated that Cd addition had markedly inhibited the functional activity of soil microbial communities and multivariate analysis of sole carbon source utilization showed significantly different utilization patterns for 80 and 100 mg/kg Cd treatments. The structural diversity of soil microbial communities assessed by PCR-DGGE method at 60 DAA, illustrated that DGGE patterns in soil simplified with increasing Cd concentration, and clustering of DGGE profiles for various Cd treatments revealed that they had more than 50% difference with that of control.     

Delignification of disposable wooden chopsticks waste for fermentative hydrogen production by an enriched culture from a hot spring

Hydrogen(H2) production from lignocellulosic materials may be enhanced by removing lignin and increasing the porosity of the material prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. Alkaline pretreatment conditions,used to delignify disposable wooden chopsticks(DWC) waste, were investigated. The effects of NaOH concentration, temperature and retention time were examined and it was found that retention time had no effect on lignin removal or carbohydrate released in enzymatic hydrolysate. The highest percentage of lignin removal(41%) was obtained with 2% NaOH at 100℃, correlated with the highest carbohydrate released(67 mg/gpretreated DWC) in the hydrolysate. An enriched culture from a hot spring was used as inoculum for fermentative H2 production, and its optimum initial pH and temperature were determined to be 7.0 and 50℃, respectively. Furthermore, enzymatic hydrolysate from pretreated DWC was successfully demonstrated as a substrate for fermentative H2 production by the enriched culture. The maximum H2 yield and production rate were achieved at 195 mL H2/g total sugarsconsumedand 116 mL H2/(L·day), respectively.     

漆酶催化复合染料酸性黑ATT脱色的研究

利用白腐菌Ganoderma lucidum wz-32发酵制备的漆酶对印染工业常用的复合染料酸性黑ATT进行催化脱色.在单因子试验的基础上,通过正交优化试验确定酸性黑ATT的最佳脱色条件为:温度50℃,染料浓度0.1 g·L-1,酶量9 U·mL-1,pH 5.0,最适条件下酸性黑ATT的脱色率达87.35%.同时研究了金属离子、酶抑制剂、脱色助剂对酸性黑ATT脱色的影响,结果表明,Co2+、Fe2+、Mn2+、Ca2+、I-对脱色有抑制作用,10mmol·L-1的浓度使脱色率降低了50%以上;Na+、Cu2+在低浓度时对脱色有一定的促进作用;SDS显著抑制漆酶的催化脱色作用,浓度为10mmol·L-1时脱色率降低了68%;HBT是高效的脱色助剂,可显著提高漆酶的脱色效率.