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271.
Jun Bai Xiuhong Yang Ruiying Du Yanmei Chen Shizhong Wang Rongliang Qiu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(10):2056-2064
Mechanisms of soil Pb immobilization by Bacillus subtilis DBM, a bacterial strain isolated from a heavy-metal-contaminated soil, were investigated. Adsorption and desorption experiments with living bacterial cells as well as dead cells revealed that both extracellular adsorption and intracellular accumulation were involved in the Pb2+removal from the liquid phase. Of the sequestered Pb(II), 8.5% was held by physical entrapment within the cell wall, 43.3% was held by ion-exchange, 9.7% was complexed with cell surface functional groups or precipitated on the cell surface, and 38.5% was intracellularly accumulated.Complexation of Pb2+with carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, amido, and phosphate groups was demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis. Precipitates of Pb5(PO4)3OH, Pb5(PO4)3Cl and Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2that formed on the cell surface during the biosorption process were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. Transmission electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of the Pb(II)precipitates and that Pb(II) could be sequestered both extracellularly and intracellularly.Incubation with B. subtilis DBM significantly decreased the amount of the weak-acid-soluble Pb fraction in a heavy-metal-contaminated soil, resulting in a reduction in Pb bioavailability, but increased the amount of its organic-matter-bound fraction by 71%. The ability of B.subtilis DBM to reduce the bioavailability of soil Pb makes it potentially useful for bacteria-assisted phytostabilization of multi-heavy-metal-contaminated soil. 相似文献
272.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) are important components of soil microbial communities,and play important role in plant growth. However, the effects of AMF phylogenetic groups(Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae) on host plant under various heavy metal levels are not clear. Here we conducted a meta-analysis to compare symbiotic relationship between AMF phylogenetic groups(Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae) and host plant functional groups(herbs vs. trees, and non-legumes vs. legumes) at three heavy metal levels. In the meta-analysis, we calculate the effect size(ln(RR)) by taking the natural logarithm of the response ratio of inoculated to non-inoculated shoot biomass from each study. We found that the effect size of Glomeraceae increased, but the effect size of non-Glomeraceae decreased under high level of heavy metal compared to low level. According to the effect size, both Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae promoted host plant growth, but had different effects under various heavy metal levels. Glomeraceae provided more benefit to host plants than non-Glomeraceae did under heavy metal condition, while non-Glomeraceae provided more benefit to host plants than Glomeraceae did under no heavy metal. AMF phylogenetic groups also differed in promoting plant functional groups under various heavy metal levels.Interacting with Glomeraceae, herbs and legumes grew better than trees and non-legumes did under high heavy metal level, while trees and legumes grew better than herbs and non-legumes did under medium heavy metal level. Interacting with non-Glomeraceae, herbs and legumes grew better than trees and non-legumes did under no heavy metal. We suggested that the combination of legume with Glomeraceae could be a useful way in the remediation of heavy metal polluted environment. 相似文献
273.
Characteristics of atmospheric particles and heavy metals in winter in Chang-Zhu-Tan city clusters, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kai Zhang Fahe Chai Zilong Zheng Qing Yang Juansheng Li Jing Wang Yujie Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(1):147-153
To understand the pollution characteristics of atmospheric particles and heavy metals in winter in Chang-Zhu-Tan city clusters, China, total suspended particulate(TSP) and PM10samples were collected in cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan from December 2011 to January 2012, and heavy metals of Cd, Pb, Cr, and As were analyzed. It shows that the average TSP concentration in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan were(183 ± 73),(201 ± 84) and(190 ± 66) μg/m3respectively, and the average PM10 were(171 ± 82),(178 ± 65) and(179 ± 55) μg/m3respectively. The lowest TSP and PM10concentrations occurred at the background Shaping site of Changsha. The average ratio of ρ(PM10)/ρ(TSP) was 91.9%, ranging from 81.3% to 98.9%. Concerning heavy metals, in TSP samples, the concentration of Cr, As, Cd and Pb were 28.8–56.5, 18.1–76.3, 3.9–26.1 and 148.0–460.9 ng/m3, respectively, while in PM10samples, were 16.4–42.1, 15.5–67.9, 3.3–22.2 and 127.9–389.3 ng/m3, respectively. The enrichment factor of Cd was the highest, followed by Pb and As, while that of Cr was the lowest. 相似文献
274.
Perinereis aibuhitensis was used to assess adverse biological effects caused by acute and chronic Pb2+exposure in artificial seawater under controlled laboratory conditions. In 96-hr acute toxicity experiments,the morphological changes showed a positive time/dose-dependent tendency,and the 96-hr LC50 value of Pb2+was 686.41 mg/L. The responses of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in tissues including catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX),malondialdehyde(MDA) and the content of total soluble protein(TSP),were investigated on days 1,4,7 and 10 after Pb2+exposure under chronic toxicity testing. Results showed that the activation of the antioxidant system in P. aibuhitensis depended on the Pb2+concentration and the duration of exposure time.Specifically,POD and SOD activities were induced on the first day of the exposure and decreased to the control level on day 10 after exposure. Therefore,these two indexes could be used to indicate oxidative stress associated with P. aibuhitensis exposure to Pb2+. 相似文献
275.
于2010年1月在茅尾海采集了7个沉积物样品,分析了不同深度沉积物的基本理化性质及w(As)、w(Cd)、w(Cu)、w(Fe)、w(Hg)、w(Mn)、w(Ni)、w(Pb)和w(Zn),并采用潜在生态危害指数法进行了潜在生态风险分析.结果表明:这些元素的质量分数空间分布差异显著,总体上呈湾内大于湾外,其中w(Cd)和w(Hg)平均值分别为1.1、0.3 mg/kg,污染最为严重并有加重的趋势;Cd污染可能与周边农田磷肥使用及磷矿开采有关,而Hg污染可能主要是大量使用化石燃料所致.重金属(除As外)质量分数与w(OM)、w(Fe)和w(TN)密切相关,其中w(Cd)与w(TP)密切相关,说明生物和化学过程都显著影响这些元素的空间分布.w(Cu)、w(Hg)、w(Ni)、w(Pb)和w(Zn)之间呈极显著正相关(P0.01),说明这几种重金属可能具有同源性;而沉积物中w(Cd)与w(Zn)、w(Pb)、w(Ni)和w(Cu)均呈显著负相关(P0.05),暗示Cd的来源及生物地球化学过程与其他元素不同.该海域重金属潜在生态危害指数依次为CdHgPbZnCuAs,其中Cd与Hg属于中等生态危害;靠近茅岭江汇入区的采样点重金属潜在生态危害指数较高,属于中等生态危害,其余采样点的综合污染也已接近中等生态危害水平. 相似文献
276.
277.
278.
椒江口表层沉积物中重金属及多氯联苯研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
于2013年对椒江口表层沉积物中重金属(Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr、Hg、As)和多氯联苯(PCBs)含量进行了测定,采用单因子污染指数法和Hakanson生态风险指数法评价沉积物污染状况及其潜在生态风险。结果表明,Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr、Hg、As和PCBs的平均含量分别为37.6、27.8、0.129、108.0、68.3、0.077、7.47 mg/kg和1.02μg/kg,其含量分布受到沉积物粒径的影响,沉积物中的细颗粒对重金属、PCBs污染物等具有更强的吸附、结合能力。评价结果显示:研究区域处于中等污染水平和中等潜在生态风险水平,各要素污染程度为Hg>Cu>Zn>Cd>Pb>Cr>As>PCBs,潜在生态风险程度排序为Hg>Cd>Cu>As>Pb>PCBs>Cr>Zn,Hg、Cd为首要潜在生态风险因子。 相似文献
279.
黄石市典型农业土壤中重金属污染水平及评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以黄石市阳新县某大型农场作为研究区,于2012年2月采集8个代表性表层(0~20 cm)土壤样品,采用火焰-原子吸收分光光度法分析了各重金属元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn、Co)的总量及BCR连续提取法提取土壤中重金属的弱酸态、可还原态、可氧化态和残渣态含量。结果显示,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn和Co总量的平均值分别为122.10、141.29、335.53、2.18、2 606.58和128.27 mg/kg,其中Cd超过了土壤环境三级标准限值,Mn具有最强的变异系数,受到外来污染因素的影响最大。通过地积累指数法和潜在生态危害法表明,6种重金属累积程度由高到低依次为CdCoCuPbZnMn,且Cd、Mn为主要生态风险因子。同时由形态分析可知,Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Mn和Co的化学形态分布均以残渣态为主,说明该农场土壤中重金属元素比较稳定,不易迁移转化,对生物的毒性较小。 相似文献
280.