Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin - In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides

Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan（EN） and Lambda-cyhalothrin（LC）; individually and in combination. 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide（MTT） assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains（TA98, TA100） were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant（p 〈 0.05） increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity.     

Removal of phosphate from wastewater using alkaline residue

Alkaline residue(AR) was found to be an efficient adsorbent for phosphate removal from wastewater. The kinetic and equilibrium of phosphate removal were investigated to evaluate the performance of modified alkaline residue. After treatment by NaOH(AR-NaOH), removal performance was significantly improved, while removal performance was almost completely lost after treatment by HCl(AR-HCl). The kinetics of the removal process by all adsorbents was well characterized by the pseudo second-order model. The Langmuir model exhibited the best correlation for AR-HCl, while AR was effectively described by Freundlich model. Both models were well fitted to AR-NaOH. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated from Langmuir equation were in following manner: AR-NaOH AR AR-HCl. Phosphate removal by alkaline residue was pH dependent process. Mechanisms for phosphate removal mainly involved adsorption and precipitation, varied with equilibrium pH of solution. For AR-HCl, the acid equilibrium pH( 6.0) was unfavorable for the formation of Ca-P precipitate, with adsorption as the key mechanism for phosphate removal. In contrast, for AR and ARNaOH, precipitation was the dominant mechanism for phosphate removal, due to the incrase on pH( 8.0) after phosphate removal. The results of both XRD and SEM analysis confirmed CaHPO4·2H2O formation after phosphate removal by AR and AR-NaOH.     

以信息公开互动走出“邻避效应”

正垃圾焚烧厂选址风波再起,这次是杭州。5月10日,杭州市余杭中泰乡九峰垃圾焚烧发电项目引发聚集事件,一度造成交通中断,数辆警车和社会车辆被掀翻。事件发生后,相关部门借助官网发布通告称:在项目没有履行完法定程序和征得大家理解支持的情况下,一定不开工。     

流域水污染物总量分配模型研究

为了改善水环境质量,从便于行政管理角度出发,对流域水污染物总量分配主线和分配模型进行研究,提出以流域—行政区—污染源作为总量分配主线,确定分配权重,建立分配指标体系,运用Delphi-AHP、基尼系数法和等比例分配法,建立流域—行政区污染物最大允许排放量分配及调整模型,行政区—污染源现状削减量分配模型,并以晋城市丹河流域为案例,对建立的总量分配模型进行实例研究。     

自适应模糊方法在烟气脱硝喷氨量控制系统中的应用

SCR烟气脱硝系统中喷氨量是一个重要的控制参数,它不仅影响了脱硝效率,过量时,还会产生二次污染,危及下游设备。电厂运行中,锅炉负荷不断变动,传统PID很难实现喷氨量的最佳控制。应用自适应模糊控制策略对喷氨量进行了控制,并对控制系统进行了仿真试验。结果表明:相对于传统的PID控制器,尿素溶液流量自适应模糊控制器的性能更佳,系统的动态响应较快且超调极小,即满足了工艺要求又降低了能耗。     

垃圾衍生燃料气化后的无机底渣制备透水砖试验研究

通过对垃圾气化后的无机底渣在制备透水砖中不同掺量和集灰比的试验研究,依据JC/T945—2005《透水砖》中的要求,对其孔隙率,保水性,透水系数和抗压强度4项指标进行测定,探索了不同底渣掺量和集灰比下透水砖性能的简单变化规律,并综合优选出最佳配合比为A-2,即水灰比为2.8,集灰比为3.0,气化底渣掺量为20%。     

普兰店市土地利用景观格局及其生态环境效应研究

基于研究区2010年的土地利用图形数据,选用生态意义较明确的景观特征指数,定量分析了普兰店市景观空间格局及其生态环境效应.结果表明：（1）普兰店市旱地景观面积最大、分布最广,其面积比例为47.1％,林地景观的面积比例也较大,草地和沼泽地的面积比例较小.平均斑块面积0.82 km2/个,景观多样性指数为1.35,优势度指数为0.73,均匀度指数为0.62;（2）大部分旱地景观分布在普兰店市南部,林地景观大多分布在北方.城乡用地、水田则相对集中分布在南部沿海地区;（3）普兰店市的生态环境指数为0.40,生态环境质量总体一般.     

东北典型黑土区坡沟侵蚀耦合关系

东北黑土区是中国重要的商品粮基地,但是严重的水土流失给其粮食产量带来了严峻考验。论文在遥感和GIS支持下,选择黑龙江省乌裕尔河和讷谟尔河两流域包含的东北典型黑土区作为研究区,以USLE模型和SPOT 5影像为基础,分别获取了2005年研究区的坡面侵蚀量和侵蚀沟分布数据,据此分析了典型黑土区坡面侵蚀和沟蚀之间在不同等级、 坡度、 坡向等方面的耦合关系。研究发现微度侵蚀和轻度侵蚀是坡面侵蚀主要区域,沟蚀发展程度比较剧烈;坡度小于5°时,坡度是沟蚀产生的制约因素,当大于5°时,坡度已经不是侵蚀沟形成过程中的主要控制因素;阳坡坡面侵蚀量高于阴坡的坡面侵蚀量,坡向在东北典型黑土区不是影响沟蚀发育的首要因子;侵蚀强度在2 500 t/(km²·a)以下的地区,随着坡面侵蚀量的增大侵蚀沟密度增大,而当大于2 500 t/(km²·a)以后,侵蚀沟密度比较稳定。     

科技期刊常用量的符号、名称及释义

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河北平原土壤硒异常成因及其生态效应

河北平原多目标区域地球化学调查在唐山开滦煤田及石家庄-邯郸一带发现了以Se元素为主的土壤地球化学异常。本文利用相关分析、多元统计分析等地球化学方法,对土壤Se异常成因、来源、生态环境效应等问题进行解释与评价。结果表明,燃煤产生的大气降尘是形成土壤Se异常的主要原因。土壤Se异常区小麦、玉米中Se元素含量明显高于非异常区,且有害元素含量不超标。