MO_x-CeO_2/HZSM-5催化剂催化氧化含氯挥发性有机物研究

采用浸渍法制备了不同过渡金属掺杂的MOx-CeO2/HZSM-5（M分别表示Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni和Cu）催化剂,研究了各催化剂对1,2-二氯乙烷（DCE）的催化降解性能.结果表明,过渡金属掺杂后,MOx-12%CeO2/HZSM-5催化剂催化氧化1,2-二氯乙烷（DCE）的活性明显提高.各催化剂（记为M-CeO...     

应用加载磁絮凝技术处理垃圾渗滤液试验研究

垃圾渗滤液是一种成分复杂多变的高浓度难处理有机废水.本研究采用加载磁絮凝技术对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,并讨论了适宜的磁载体、凝聚剂和絮凝剂的加入量.     

软煤样断裂韧性加载速率效应实验研究*

为探究加载速率对软煤样Ⅰ型断裂韧性的影响,对取自云南老厂的煤样开展压入硬度实验及不同加载速率条件下的断裂韧性实验,分析加载速率及割理角度对软煤样断裂特性的影响。结果表明:实验老厂煤岩压入硬度分布在51.84～125.03 MPa之间,按压入硬度划分属于软岩类别;实验岩样Ⅰ型断裂韧性分布在0.009 9～0.208 2 MPa·mm^0.5之间,平均值为0.096 5 MPa·mm^0.5;在0.2～1.1 mm/min的位移加载速率范围内,实验软煤岩Ⅰ型断裂韧性值随加载速率的增大呈现先增大后降低的规律,割理角度对软煤岩Ⅰ型断裂韧性有较大影响,Ⅰ型断裂韧性与割理角度的关系呈现为负线性相关性。低加载速率条件下,软煤岩表现为韧性断裂,高加载速率条件下,软煤岩表现为脆性断裂,加载速率的变化导致软煤岩断裂类型的变化。     

加载絮凝沉降技术处理炼油含盐废水研究

文章采用“加载絮凝沉降技术”对炼油厂含盐废水进行深度处理。研究不同因素对实验结果的影响。确定了最佳反应条件：pH为7．5,温度为25℃,沉淀时间为3min,PAC投加量为250mg／L,PAM投加量为3mg／L,加载物按1％投加。最佳条件下CODcr,值可由120mg／L降为54．9mg／L。     

局部加载约束分流冷锻直齿轮工艺研究

针对直齿轮冷锻过程中齿腔充填困难、成形载荷大、模具寿命低的特点,提出了基于局部加载一约束分流冷锻圆柱直齿轮新工艺。在浮动凹模基础上,利用有限元软件对新工艺进行数值模拟。对工艺成形过程中速度场、成形载荷等规律进行了分析,并对比分析了多种成形工艺。结果表明：局部加载一约‘束分流终锻成形工艺可以较好地成形大模数圆柱直齿轮,能避免齿轮成形时产生的折叠缺陷,同时可以显著地降低成形载荷,为此类齿轮冷锻工艺的应用与生产实践提供了理论依据。     

低温SCR脱硝催化剂过渡金属氧化物改性及硫中毒失活机制研究

以浸渍法制备MnOx-CeOx/ACF催化剂.在110~230℃温度范围内,MnOx-CeOx/ACF催化剂具有较好地低温选择性催化还原脱除NOx的活性.结果表明,该催化剂在150℃和230℃的脱硝效率分别达到80%和90%.加入Fe、Cu和V等过渡金属氧化物对MnOx-CeOx/ACF催化剂进行改性.该类过渡金属氧化物的加入对MnOx-CeOx/ACF的活性具有抑制作用.相比于MnOx-CeOx/ACF以及Cu和V改性的催化剂,Fe改性催化剂在一定时期内具有良好的抗SO2性能.在SO2存在下,Fe改性催化剂在初始6h内其脱硝效率保持在75%以上.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和傅立叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)分析结果表明,催化剂失活包括两部分机制,一是形成硫酸铵盐,可粘附在催化剂表面使催化剂失活;另外一个机制是作为活性成分的锰铈等金属氧化物被SO2硫化形成金属硫酸盐.     

微波诱导金属氧化物去除模拟污染土壤中的PCB77

采用硅藻土模拟实际土壤,选用纳米金属氧化物为催化剂,在密封体系中研究了微波诱导催化反应对PCB77污染土壤的修复效果,考察了微波辐射时间、不同纳米金属氧化物、酸的浓度和类型、MnO2添加量对PCB77去除效果的影响.结果表明,与无微波辐射的对照相比,微波诱导催化反应1 min后PCB77的去除率提高了1倍.仅微波辐射条件下,PCB77的去除率随着辐射时间的增加而提高,10 min趋于平衡.此时,在加入8 mol/L H2SO4体系中PCB77可去除50%;在加入水的体系中,去除率约为20%;而在加入10 mol/L NaOH或无水体系中去除率几乎为0.微波诱导MnO2催化去除PCB77的效果最好,反应1 min去除率高达90%以上,而Fe2O3、CuO和Al2O3的催化去除效果较差.在微波诱导MnO2催化条件下,随着H2SO4溶液浓度从1mol/L增加到8 mol/L,PCB77的去除率从37.0%增加到98.5%,且H2SO4溶液主要是起酸化作用.此外,添加0.01、0.03和0.05g MnO2对PCB77催化去除效果基本相同.     

Investigation of heavy metal partitioning influenced by flue gas moisture and chlorine content during waste incineration

The impact of moisture on the partitioning of the heavy metals including Pb,Zn,Cu and Cd in municipal solid waste (MSW) was studied in a laboratory tubular furnace.A thermodynamic investigation using CHEMKIN software was performed to compare the experimental results.Simulated waste,representative of typical MSW with and without chlorine compounds,was burned at the background temperature of 700 and 950°C,respectively.In the absence of chlorine,the moisture content has no evident effect on the volatility of Pb,Zn and Cu at either 700 or 950°C,however,as flue gas moisture increasing the Cd distribution in the bottom ash increased at 700°C and reduced at 950°C,respectively.In the presence of chlorine,the flue gas moisture reduced the volatility of Pb,Zn and Cu due to the transformation of the more volatile metal chlorides into less volatile metal oxides,and the reduction became significant as chlorine content increase.For Cd,the chlorine promotes its volatility through the formation of more volatile CdCl 2.As a result,the increased moisture content increases the Pb,Zn,Cu and Cd concentrations in the bottom ash,which limits the utilization of the bottom ash as a construction material.Therefore,in order to accumulate heavy metals into the fly ash,MSW should be dried before incineration.     

Competitive and cooperative adsorption of arsenate and citrate on goethite

The fate of arsenic in natural environments is influenced by adsorption onto metal (hydr)oxides. The extent of arsenic adsorption is strongly a ected by coexisting dissolved natural organic acids. Recently, some studies reported that there existed competitive adsorption between arsenate and citrate on goethite. Humic acid is known to interact strongly with arsenate by forming complexes in aqueous solution, hence it is necessary to undertake a comprehensive study of the adsorption of arsenate/citrate onto goethite in the presence of one another. The results showed that at the arsenate concentrations used in this study (0.006–0.27 mmol/L), citrate decreased arsenate adsorption at acidic pH but no e ect was observed at alkaline pH. In comparison, citrate adsorption was inhibited at acidic pH, but enhanced at alkaline pH by arsenate. This was probably due to the formation of complex between arsenate and citrate like the case of arsenate with humic acid. These results implied that the mechanism of the adsorption of arsenate and citrate onto goethite in the presence of one another involved not only competition for binding sites, but the cooperation between the two species at the watergoethite interface as well.     

选择性催化氧化NO的催化剂研究进展

工业生产过程产生的NO对大气环境造成严重污染。选择性催化氧化吸收法（SCO）脱硝是目前较有价值的脱硝技术。选择性催化氧化的关键在于催化剂的选择。目前,用于NO催化氧化的催化剂主要有活性炭类、分子筛类、贵金属类、过渡金属氧化物类催化剂。其中,过渡金属氧化物类催化剂具有良好的催化活性,价格低廉,制作简单等,是目前较有研究前景的催化剂。目前,关于SCO各类催化剂脱硝机理的研究,常温下经济实用且氧化、稳定、抗毒性能优良的催化剂的制备,以及催化氧化工业废气工艺的探索是脱硝催化剂未来的发展方向。