兰州市空气微生物分析

对兰州市30个点的空气微生物进行了监测研究报道。结果表明：兰州市空气微生物属于中度污染，主要优势菌种有蜡样芽胞杆菌，枯草芽胞杆菌，金黄色葡萄球菌和8叠球菌。白曲霉，青霉属，黄曲霉，木霉，交链孢霉，空气微生物含量与地面人类活动关系密切，与人流量（人口密度）和车流量显著相关；绿地对空气微生物年代有显著的杀灭作用。尤其是乔灌草相结合的复合型绿地杀菌作用很理想。     

Straw bio-degradation by acidogenic bacteria and composite fungi

A composite microbial system, including a strain of Candida tropicalis (W3), a strain of Lactobacillus plantarm(WY3) and three strains of basidiomycete pL104, pL113 and C33, was chosen to degrade com straw.The final pH was acid owing to the inoculation of acidogenic bacteria, and under this condition the composite fungi system could produce complex enzyme to destroy the compact structure of corn straw. The experimental results showed that the biomass of composite fungi could reach up to maximum when the pH value was 4.5. Through the bio-degradation by combining acidogenic bacteria with the composite fungi system, the cellulose, hemi-ceUulose and lignin degradation rates of corn straw powder were 26.36%, 43.30% and 26.96%, respectively. And the gross crude protein content increased 60.41%. This study provided the evidence for the feasibility of developing a composite microbial system with high capability of degrading straw lignocelluloses in order to make reasonable use of straw resource and protect rural eco-environment.     

钾细菌在剩余污泥资源化中的应用

通过对钾细菌在剩余污泥中的接种,利用钾细菌将土壤中难溶性钾转化为可溶性钾是增加作物钾素营养的一个途径,将含大量钾细菌的剩余污泥制成的微生物肥料应用于农田中,从而达到剩余污泥的资源化利用,为剩余污泥的科学处理提供依据。     

球形红细菌转化去除重金属镉及其机理研究

研究了不同理化因素对光合细菌球形红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)H菌株生长和镉去除能力的影响.结果表明,该菌株的最佳生长和对镉的最佳去除条件为:pH=7.0,温度为30℃,好氧黑暗,接种量9%.在最佳条件下,镉的去除率可达85%以上.通过X射线衍射光谱分析,H菌株对镉离子的转化产物为硫化镉.通过测定镉的去除与细菌生长曲线及半胱氨酸脱巯基酶的活性,表明镉的去除与菌体的生长稳定期相关.此外,通过分析菌体对硫酸盐的代谢过程,探讨了该菌株生长细胞去除重金属镉的机理.     

海藻提取物对富营养化水体氮素循环影响研究

利用国外引进的海藻提取物EClean制剂对富营养化水体进行处理试验,经过定量测定处理和对照水体中氮循环细菌数量的变化,得出EClean制剂能够促进水体的氨化细菌、亚硝化细菌、硝化细菌的生长,并维持了曝气条件下一定数量的反硝化细菌,通过此处理使得在同一反应器中、同一条件下完成硝化作用和反硝化作用成为可能,加速了水体的氮素循环,使水体总氮下降明显。     

杭州湾北岸奉贤水域大肠菌群和异养细菌的生态分布

通过2004年夏季对杭州湾奉贤水域有关微生物及其环境因子的检测,分析研究该水域大肠菌群、异养细菌的生态分布特征、污染程度及其与环境因子的相互关系。结果表明,该水域均不同程度地受大肠菌群和异养细菌的污染,其中大肠菌群在50~1700/L,属于国家二级海水,呈现近陆断面高于远陆断面的分布特征;异养细菌丰度在2.3×103~1.6×105/mL,应属于中度污染,呈现远陆断面高于近陆断面的分布特征。该水域浮游植物总数量平均值为1043.70×104/m3。通过对环境因子相关性分析发现,大肠菌群和异养细菌总数与叶绿素a有明显的正相关性,其相关系数分别为0.73和0.6179。     

Isolation and characterization of gasoline-degrading bacteria from gas station leaking-contaminated soils

The effects of culture conditions in vitro and biosurfactant detection were studied on bacterial strains capable of degrading gasoline from contaminated soils near gas station. The main results were summarized as follows. Three bacteria （strains Q10, Q14 and Q18） that were considered as efficiently degrading strains were isolated and identified as Pseudomonas sp., Flavobaeterium sp. and Rhodococcus sp., respectively. The optimal growth conditions of three bacteria including pH, temperature and the concentration of gasoline were similar. The reduction in surface tension was observed with all the three bacteria, indicating the production of biosurfactant compounds. The value of surface tension reduced by the three strains Q10, Q14 and Q18 was 32.6 mN.m, 12.4 mN. m and 21.9 mN.m, respectively. Strain Q10 could be considered as a potential biosurfactant producer. Gasoline, diesel oil, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene （BTEX） could easily be degraded by the three isolates. The consortium was more effective than the individual cultures in degrading added gasoline, diesel oil, and BTEX. These results indicate that these strains have great potential for in situ remediation of soils contaminated by gas station leaking.     

白芨滩地区不同生物土壤结皮类型对微生物群落结构和组成的影响

白芨滩国家级自然保护区及其周边植被恢复有利于改善区域生态环境,而植被恢复良好的区域内镶嵌分布着大面积藓结皮和藻结皮,其在防风固沙、改善荒漠生态系统地表土壤质量等方面发挥着重要作用。为深入了解该区域不同生物土壤结皮中微生物群落结构及其差异,选取藓结皮和藻结皮镶嵌分布的地表覆盖区设置取样点,分别对藓结皮和藻结皮进行细菌和真菌的Illumina MiSeq测序。结果表明,不同生物土壤结皮中细菌群落和真菌群落α多样性趋于一致,仅反映细菌群落丰富度的ACE和Chao指数在藓结皮中显著高于藻结皮。不同生物土壤结皮形成以微枝形杆菌属、红色杆菌属、地嗜皮菌属、芽球菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、土壤红杆菌属、微红微球菌属、类诺卡氏菌属和苔藓杆菌属等为主要类群的细菌群落结构以及以赤霉菌属、Knufia、被孢霉属、石果衣属、链格孢属、Bahusakala、Phaeomycocentrospora、光黑壳属和Omphalina等属为主要已知类群的真菌群落结构。藓结皮中,红色杆菌属细菌相对丰度显著低于藻结皮,而苔藓杆菌属细菌相对丰度显著高于藻结皮。藓结皮中,Knufia、Bahusakala、Omphalina、Lam...     

基于浮游细菌生物完整性指数的城市河流健康评价：以深圳河流域为例

河流中的细菌是生态系统中物质循环的重要参与者,能反映河流健康状况,其群落生物指标具有评估城市河流生态状况的潜力。通过调查深圳河流域内深圳河、布吉河和福田河3条河流中的浮游细菌群落,构建了生物完整性指数(Ba-IBI),评估了该流域的健康状况。基于河水浮游细菌的Illumina高通量测序结果,通过差异性检验、箱线图筛选和相关性分析方法从163个候选指标中筛选出变形菌门、放线菌门和微丝藻菌目相对丰度及门水平Simpson多样性指数作为核心指标,构建Ba-IBI评价体系。结果表明,深圳河流域内的20个位点中处于健康状态、亚健康状态、一般状态和较差状态的位点数分别为7个、4个、5个和4个。其中,深圳河处于一般和较差状态的点位比例高达85.7%;健康状况从上游到下游逐渐恶化;整体健康状况较差。布吉河和福田河健康状况相对较好,处于亚健康状态。各采样点Ba-IBI得分与水质状况的相关性较高(R=0.77,P<0.01),表明Ba-IBI能有效评价城市河流的健康状况。本研究结果可为深圳市河流的修复和管理工作提供参考。     

光合细菌处理淀粉废水的中试研究

利用光合细菌连续处理工艺,在适宜条件下进行淀粉废水处理的中试研究。中试系统日处理量为４ｍ３,ＣＯＤＣｒ最大容积负荷６．７１ｋｇ／（ｍ３·ｄ）,ＣＯＤ去除率为９５．７％。该法所得菌泥可作为饲料添加剂,具有较好的经济效益。