Unregulated emissions from diesel engine with particulate filter using Fe-based fuel borne catalyst

The alteration and formation of toxic compounds and potential changes in the toxicity of emissions when using after-treatment technologies have gained wide attention. Volatile organic compound（VOC）, carbonyl compound and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（PAH） emissions were tested at European Steady State Cycle（ESC） to study unregulated emissions from a diesel engine with a fuel-borne catalyst and diesel particulate filter（FBC–DPF）. An Fe-based fuel-borne catalyst was used for this study. According to the results, brake specific emissions of total VOCs without and with DPF were 4.7 and4.9 mg/kWh, respectively, showing a 4.3% increase. Benzene and n-undecane emissions increased and toluene emission decreased, while other individual VOC emissions basically had no change. When retrofitted with the FBC–DPF, total carbonyl compound emission decreased 15.7%, from 25.8 to 21.8 mg/kWh. The two highest carbonyls, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, were reduced from 20.0 and 3.7 to 16.5 and 3.3 mg/kWh respectively. The specific reactivity（SR） with DPF was reduced from 6.68 to 6.64 mg/kWh. Total particle-phase PAH emissions decreased 66.4% with DPF compared to that without DPF. However, the Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent（BaPeq） with DPF had increased from 0.016 to 0.030 mg/kWh.Fluoranthene and Pyrene had the greatest decrease, 91.1% and 88.4% respectively. The increase of two- and three-ring PAHs with DPF indicates that the fuel-borne catalyst caused some gas-phase PAHs to adsorb on particles. The results of this study expand the knowledge of the effects of using a particulate filter and a Fe-based fuel-borne catalyst on diesel engine unregulated emissions.     

Carbonyl emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicle exhaust in China and the contribution to ozone formation potential

Fifteen heavy-duty diesel vehicles were tested on chassis dynamometer by using typical heavy duty driving cycle and fuel economy cycle. The air from the exhaust was sampled by 2,4- dinitrophenyhydrazine cartridge and 23 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The average emission factor of carbonyls was 97.2 mg/km, higher than that of light-duty diesel vehicles and gasoline-powered vehicles. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and propionaidehyde were the species with the highest emission factors. Main influencing factors for carbonyl emissions were vehicle type, average speed and regulated emission standard, and the impact of vehicle loading was not evident in this study. National emission of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was calculated for China, 2011, based on both vehicle miles traveled and fuel consumption. Carbonyl emission of diesel vehicle was estimated to be 45.8 Gg, and was comparable to gasolinepowered vehicles （58.4 Gg）. The emissions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 12.6, 6.9, 3.8 Gg, respectively. The ozone formation potential of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was 537 mg O3/km, higher than 497 mg O3/km of none-methane hydrocarbons emitted from diesel vehicles.     

神奇的“水燃料”

你想象过以后开车,只需要加水就能跑吗？水是地球上最为丰富的化合物,一直以来,人类从未停止过探索水燃料的脚步。今天要介绍的,就是那些从水中提取能源的神奇科技。     

掺杂聚乙烯醇的壳聚糖小球对铜离子-腐殖酸的单一和连续吸附行为

以三聚磷酸钠作为离子交联剂,合成了一种掺杂聚乙烯醇的壳聚糖小球,采用SEM和FTIR表征了小球的表面性能及官能团分布情况,进一步研究了这种小球对腐殖酸和铜离子的单独吸附行为、连续吸附行为及两者共存状态下的吸附行为,并通过XPS能谱分析了吸附过程的机理.结果表明:在单独吸附过程中,壳聚糖小球与腐殖酸和铜的作用方式主要是通过静电引力和络合作用;在连续吸附过程中,先吸附了腐殖酸的小球,后续对铜离子的吸附效果变弱;而先吸附了铜离子的小球,后续对腐殖酸的吸附能力变强,说明这种小球在吸附过程中可以被连续使用.而在腐殖酸和铜离子共存的吸附实验中发现,壳聚糖小球除了会吸附溶液中的铜离子和腐殖酸外,还导致它们的聚集沉降.     

铜锌同位素方法在环境地球化学研究中的应用

近年来,随着多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICP-MS)逐渐应用,过渡族金属(Cu,Zn和Fe等)同位素测试方法逐渐成熟,测定精度可达0.04‰,使得铜锌铁等同位素地球化学研究成为近年来国际地学研究领域的热点。本文对铜锌同位素的测试方法、分馏机理及其在环境地球化学研究领域的应用进行了较系统综述。     

原子吸收分光光度计——火焰法测定水中铜的不确定度评定

通过建立数学模型对原子吸收分光光度计—火焰法测定水中铜的不确定度进行分析和评估,计算影响测量结果不确定度的各分量值并进行合成,为建立有效的质量控制方法提供了依据。     

菏泽市大气醛酮类化合物污染特征分析

为探究菏泽市大气醛酮类化合物污染特征,分析菏泽市2022年5—9月大气醛酮类化合物监测结果,计算臭氧生成潜势,同时利用相关系数法和比值法分析醛酮污染物可能来源。研究表明：菏泽市大气主要的醛酮类化合物为甲醛、乙醛和丙酮;臭氧生成潜势贡献较大的主要是甲醛和乙醛;菏泽市大气醛酮类化合物中甲醛、乙醛、丙酮有强相关性,三者可能有相同来源,其中甲醛和乙醛浓度比为1.07,符合城市大气特征,即主要受人为源的影响。     

某矿低铜废石综合回收利用项目职业病危害预评价

为了对某矿业有限公司低铜废石综合回收利用项目可能产生的职业病危害因素进行辨识、分析和评价,采用检查表、类比法相结合的原则对该项目的铲装、破碎、运输、筑堆等工艺进行分析评价,并利用经验法对浸出、萃取电积工艺进行分析评价。结果表明:类比工程中绝大部分粉尘、噪声检测点的浓（强）度符合国家标准;化学毒物、工频电场接触浓（强）度符合国家标准;电积车间的通风满足要求;萃取车间的事故通风能力不足。评价方法及通风计算方法对同类项目具有借鉴意义。     

用HPLC 分离和鉴定大气中的羰基化合物

大气中的挥发性羰基化合物可以通过2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)原位衍生化而被捕集.采用反相HPLC 可以洗脱和分析这些羰基衍生物.本文采用该方法监测了美国佛蒙特州大气样品中的痕量甲醛、乙醛和丙酮.     

室内环境中全（多）氟烷基化合物的分布特征和暴露风险

全（多）氟烷基化合物（PFAS）是一类人工合成、应用广泛、高度氟化的化合物,由于数量众多及其持久性、生物累积性和潜在毒性,其暴露风险受到越来越多关注。人体可能通过食物、饮水、室内空气和灰尘等多种介质暴露于PFAS,当前研究多集中于饮水和食品暴露途径,较少针对室内空气和灰尘的人体暴露进行评估。然而人类通过室内环境介质对PFAS的暴露不可忽视,尤其对婴儿而言。该文综述了室内环境中释放PFAS的各类产品,PFAS在不同介质中的分布特征以及人体暴露于PFAS的途径,重点分析了不同人群的暴露特点和PFAS生物有效性的研究进展,提出了降低室内PFAS浓度的有效措施。发现皮肤接触暴露途径的研究数据较少,室内环境中PFAS从产品到室内的迁移转化机制尚不清楚,此外,目前的研究大多是通过检测膳食、饮水、灰尘、空气等环境介质中的PFAS浓度,然后通过风险评估模型去计算外暴露水平,或者通过尿液、血液、头发等检测PFAS的内暴露水平,外暴露和内暴露研究是相对独立的,二者之间的关联并不明确。众多研究已经表明,很多PFAS类型在各种暴露源中均有高水平检出,仅通过已有的体外暴露风险评估模型对外暴露风险的评估可能高估了...