Dynamics of dissolved organic carbon in the mires in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

Mires in boreal area had proved to be an important dissolved organic carbon (DOC) reserve for the sensitivity to climate change and human interfering. The study was focused on the temporal and spatial dynamics and controlling factors of DOC in a seasonallywaterlogged mire (SLM) and perennially-waterlogged mire (PLM) in the Sanjiang Plain, Northest China. In the two mires, DOC concentrations in both surface water and upper soil strata experienced pronounced seasonal variation. DOC concentrations in the surface waters were the greatest and averagely was 47.82 in SLM and 34.84 mg/L and PLM, whereas that in soil water at 0.3-m depth had little di erence (20.25 mg/L in SLM and 26.51 mg/L in PLM). Results revealed that DOC concentrations declined 5–8 times vertically from the surface down to groundwater. DOC in the groundwater only was in a very small part with the average concentration of 5.18 mg/L. In relation to the surface water, DOC concentrations varied positively with temperature just before 8 August, and only in early spring and later autumn DOC concentrations exhibited identifiable spatial trends along with standing water depths in PLM. It was supposed that the influences from standing water depth took e ect only in conditions of low temperature, and temperature should be the most powerful factor controlling DOC dynamics in the mires. Redox potential (Red) showed negative relationship with DOC values while total nitrogen (TN) and the majority of free ions in the soil solution exhibited no relationship. High soil TOC/TN ratio and low redox potentials also led to DOC accumulation in the mires in the Sanjiang Plain.     

高浓度聚合氯化铝的合成及其形态分布与转化规律

以CaO为碱化剂采用一次加碱法合成了高浓度聚合氯化铝(PAC),研究了其反应特性及产品的铝形态分布与转化规律.结果表明,CaO特殊的水化反应可使PAC达到较高浓度和较高B值,PAC最高浓度可达2.1mol/L,B值为2.1.合成过程中无论高铝浓度体系还是低铝浓度体系,均存在一最佳B值,此B值下产品的Al_b含量最高.最佳B值和最高Al_b含量均随总铝浓度的升高而降低.B值小于最佳B值时,总反应主要表现为生成Al_b;B值大于最佳B值时,总反应表现为生成Al_c.     

低温碱溶粉煤灰中硅和铝的溶出规律研究

采用低温碱溶法对粉煤灰中硅和铝(分别以氧化硅和氧化铝计)的溶出规律进行了研究,考察了粉煤灰热处理温度、碱浓度、溶出时间、溶出温度等因素对粉煤灰中硅和铝溶出量的影响.结果表明:在热处理温度为950℃,碱浓度为2～3 mol/L,溶出温度为120～130℃,溶出时间为4～6 h时,氧化硅的溶出量为29.23%,氧化铝的溶出量为1.26%,溶出比为23.63,可实现粉煤灰中硅和铝的分步溶出,并利用XRD对溶出结果进行了分析.      

Al的海洋生物地球化学研究

比较系统地介绍了国内外Al的海洋生物地球化学研究进展，内容包括Al在海洋中的来源及输送通量，不同海区的分布特点，水体中的溶解态Al的赋存形式及其迁移转化规律等，简要介绍了我国在这一研究领域所取得的成果及存在的不足，并对今后的发展方向进行展望。     

2019年长江口及其邻近海域溶解有机物的分布和季节变化特征

2019年3月和7月分别采集长江口及其邻近海域表层和底层的海水样品,测定了其中溶解有机碳（DOC）浓度和有色溶解有机物（CDOM）的吸收光谱。本文根据DOC浓度和CDOM吸收系数a₂₅₄、比紫外吸光度SUVA₂₅₄、光谱斜率S_275-295等参数对该区域溶解有机物（DOM）的分布情况和季节变化进行了研究。结果表明,DOC浓度和a₂₅₄指征的CDOM丰度总体表现出近岸高、外海低的特点;指征CDOM芳香性的SUVA₂₅₄和指征CDOM平均分子量的S_275-295分别随着离岸距离的增加逐渐降低和升高,表明CDOM的芳香性和平均分子量均逐渐降低;两个航次表层的DOC浓度、CDOM丰度、芳香性及平均分子量均显著高于底层;7月和3月相比,DOC浓度、CDOM丰度及芳香性较高,但未发现平均分子量存在显著的季节变化;DOC浓度、a₂₅₄、SUVA₂₅₄、S_275-295均与盐度呈现显著的相关关系,其中,DOC浓度、a₂₅₄、SUVA₂₅₄呈现负相关关系,而S_275-295呈现正相关关系。上述参数与盐度的相关系数（R2）表明,DOC和CDOM在3月较为保守,而在7月（尤其是在表层）不保守程度明显升高。     

鸭绿江口溶解态磷的行为

本文研究了鸭绿江口溶解态磷的含量，存在形式与氯度，总悬浮物质量（ＴＳＭ）等因素的关系，并同其它一些河口磷的行为进行比较，对混合区域溶解知性磷（ＳＲＰ）的增补现象和生物地球化学行为进行讨论。结果表明：鸭绿江河口溶解态总磷主要以活性磷的形式输入黄海，是一低海区。在氯度１．５的海区，磷近似认为是一保守元素。ＴＳＭ和ＳＲＰ存在一定的协同效应，河口区域微生物和浮游生物的活动，可能控制着ＳＲＰ和溶解有机磷（Ｓ     

基于UV-vis及EEMs解析周村水库夏秋季降雨不同相对分子质量DOM的光谱特征及来源

运用三维荧光光谱(EEMs)技术结合平行因子分析法(PARAFAC)以及紫外-可见光谱技术,对周村水库夏秋季降雨不同相对分子质量雨水的溶解性有机物(DOM)光谱特征和来源进行分析.结果表明,夏秋季降雨不同相对分子质量DOM的紫外-可见吸收光谱并无明显特征峰,吸收系数的变异系数在75%~469%之间,表明其性质在不同季节和相对分子质量上存在差异;a254和E3/E4变化说明DOM的相对浓度和富里酸所占DOM的比例随着季节由夏入秋而增加;三维荧光通过PARAFAC解析出4种组分,分别为类腐殖质(C1、C2)、可见区富里酸(C3)和类蛋白(C4);对4个组分进行相关性分析,结果显示C1与C2、C3以及C4具有显著的相关性(P0.01),C2与C3具有显著的相关性(P0.01);夏秋季降雨DOM总荧光强度以及各组分荧光强度差异明显(P0.05),类腐殖质(C1+C2)是其主要成分、富里酸的荧光强度和所占比例随着季节由夏入秋而增加、类蛋白随着季节由夏入秋而减少;夏秋季降雨有机物来源都呈现以自生源为主的特征,夏季降雨具有自生源特征更强、类蛋白物质含量和占比更多的特点;PCA分析显示夏秋季降雨中不同相对分子质量雨水荧光特征差异明显,并且组分C1、C2和C3与DOM特征参数[HIX、Fn(355)、Fn(280)、E3/E4、a254]以及水质参数(硝氮、氨氮、总氮以及有机碳)显著相关性(P0.01).通过对夏秋季不同降雨相对分子质量的DOM光谱特征研究,可以进一步分析水库大气沉降型外源输入的有机物污染特征,并为水库水质管理提供技术支持.     

镁铝复合脱色絮凝剂的微观结构形态及絮凝机制

通过红外光谱和X-射线衍射研究了镁铝复合絮凝剂(PMAS)的结构形态,通过对渗滤液生化出水的脱色效果和系统Zeta电位的测定,分析了絮凝机制.结果表明:①X-射线衍射和红外结果显示,PMAS是以羟基桥联的铝和镁的复杂多聚物;②PMAS的絮凝机制主要是电中和和网捕卷扫作用.在低投药量时,以吸附电中和作用为主;在高投药量时,随体系pH值不同其絮凝行为而有所变化:酸性条件下以电中和机制为主;碱性条件下以网捕卷扫机制为主;中性条件下则是两种机制共同发挥作用.     

Isolation and algae-lysing characteristics of the algicidal bacterium B5

Water blooms have become a worldwide environmental problem.Recently,algicidal bacteria have attracted wide attention as possible agents for inhibiting algal water blooms.In this study,one strain of algicidal bacterium B5 was isolated from activated sludge.On the basis of analysis of its physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence,it was identified as Bacillusfusiformis.Its algae- lysing characteristics on Microcystis aeruginosa,Chlorella and Scenedesmus were tested.The results showed that:(1)the algicidal bacterium B5 is a Gram-negative bacterium.The 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence homology of strain B5 with 2 strains of B.fusiformis reached 99.86%,so B5 was identified as B.fusiformis;(2)the algal-lysing effects of the algicidal bacterium B5 on M.aeruginosa, Chlorella and Scenedesmus were pronounced.The initial bacterial and algal cell densities strongly influence the removal rates of chlorophyll-α.The greater the initial bacterial cell density,the faster the degradation of chlorophyll-α.The greater the initial algal cell density,the slower the degradation of chlorophyll-α.When the bacterial cell density was 3.6 x l07 cells/ml,nearly 90% of chlorophyll-αwas removed.When the chlorophyll-αconcentration was less than 550μg/L,about 70% was removed;(3)the strain B5 lysed algae by secreting metabolites and these metabolites could bear heat treatment.     

Characterization of dissolved organic matter fractions and its relationship with the disinfection by-product formation

Dissolved organic matter(DOM) has been identified as precursor for disinfection by-products(DBPs) formation during chlorination. Recently,it has been demonstrated that the characteristics of DOM influence the DBPs formation mechanism. A study was,therefore,initiated to investigate the effects of DOM fractions on DBPs formation mechanism. In the chlorination process,organic acids are dominant precursors of total thihalomethanes(TTHM) because of the νC-O and unsaturated structures. Furthermore,the TTHM format...