药物中氨基酸分析新技术

本文介绍了用阴离子交换色谱分离结合积分脉冲安培检测器(IPAD)金电极检测分析氨基酸的原理和应用,该方法可以检测所有携带伯胺、仲胺和羟基的有机阴离子,不需要任何形式的衍生.检测限与氨基酸衍生荧光检测技术相当.这个方法对于监测细胞培养液中营养成分的含量非常有效,也可用于不同种类的蛋白质和肽水解产物的分析.     

增溶剂对Pd/ACF电极电还原水相中的2,4,5-PCB脱氯的影响

研究了Pd修饰活性炭毡(ACF)电极在不同增溶剂中(2,4,5-PCB)电催化还原脱氯效果,结果表明,以四烷基铵盐作为增溶剂时,2,4,5-PCB脱氯效率大体随着增溶剂疏水基团的增大而提高. 在增溶能力强的阳离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂溶液中,2,4,5-PCB的脱氯效果均较好.羟丙基-β-环糊精(HPCD)无毒无害易降解,且其溶液中2,4,5-PCB反应条件低,脱氯效果好,是较优的增溶剂.     

梯度淋洗离子色谱法测定饮用水中6种阴离子

采用离子色谱法同时测定饮用水中F-、Cl-、Br-、NO3-、SO24-、PO34-等6种阴离子,水样经0.22μm滤膜过滤,自动淋洗发生器产生20 mmol/L～40 mmol/L KOH淋洗液梯度洗脱,在流量0.25 mL/min条件下采用IonPac AG19保护柱和IonPac AS19分离柱分离和定量。方法线性良好,6种阴离子的检出限为0.005 mg/L～0.057 mg/L,标准溶液平行测定6次,测定值的RSD在0.5%～2.2%之间,水样加标回收率在83%～106%之间。     

SDBS对碳纳米管在水中的分散作用和影响因素

本文考察了SDBS在超声、震荡两种不同条件下在碳纳米管上的吸附情况,及其对碳纳米管的分散作用。研究发现,碳纳米管对SDBS的吸附量受超声或震荡方式的影响不大,而超声条件下碳纳米管的分散能力显著强于震荡条件,在SDBS浓度为500-1000mg/L范围内,超声条件可以使各种管径的碳纳米管均可以得到很好的分散。     

Effect of transition metal doping under reducing calcination atmosphere on photocatalytic property of TiO2 immobilized on SiO2 beads

TiO₂ immobilized on SiO₂ (TiO₂/SiO₂) have been prepared by sol-gel method and various ions of transition metals (Cr³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺) were doped on the photocatalyst using wet impregnation method under reducing calcination atmosphere. The photocatalytic activity of metal doped TiO₂/SiO₂ towards phenol degradation under black light irradiation were investigated and compared with undoped TiO₂/SiO₂. The results showed that the photoresponse of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ doped TiO₂/SiO₂ were larger than undoped TiO₂/SiO₂, indicating that the photogenerated carriers were separated more efficiently in Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ doped TiO₂/SiO₂. The reactivity was in the order of Cu²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Cr³⁺ > Co²⁺. The different photoreactivity was ascribed to combine effect of the different ionic radii and photocorrison tendency of the dopants. The sample was also characterized by surface analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron micrograph/electron dispersive X-ray analyzer and UV-Vis absorption spectrum.     

Reversibly enhanced aqueous solubilization of volatile organic compounds using a redox-reversible surfactant

Surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) is an effective method for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from contaminated soils and groundwater. To reuse the surfactant the VOCs must be separated from the surfactant solutions. The water solubility of VOCs can be enhanced using reversible surfactants with a redox-acive group, (ferrocenylmethyl)dodecyldimethylammonium bromide (Fcl2) and (ferrocenylmethyl)tetradecanedimethylammonium bromide (Fcl4), above and below their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) under reducing (I⁺) and oxidative (I²⁺) conditions. The CMC values of Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I⁺ are 0.94 and 0.56 mmol/L and the solubilization of toluene by Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I⁺ for toluene is higher than the solubilization achieved with sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Trition X-114. The solubilization capacity of the ferrocenyl surfactants for each tested VOCs ranked as follows: ethylbenzene > toluene > benzene. The solubilities of VOCs by reversible surfactant in I⁺ were 30% higher than those in I²⁺ at comparable surfactant concentrations. The effects of Fcl4 concentrations on VOCs removal efficiency were as follows: benzene > toluene > ethylbenzene. However, an improved removal efficiency was achieved at low ferrocenyl surfactant concentrations. Furthermore, the reversible surfactant could be recycled through chemical approaches to remove organic pollutants, which could significantly reduce the operating costs of SER technology.     

有关斜管沉淀池的上升流速讨论

文章从理论上了分析斜管沉淀池上升流速对沉淀池处理效果的影响,及原水特性与斜管沉淀池上升流速取值的关系。讨论分析斜管沉淀池设计时,应根据原水特性不同选择不同的斜管沉淀池上升流速。     

硅胶表面壬基酚印迹材料的制备及其固相萃取应用

采用表面分子印迹技术,以壬基酚为模板分子,4-乙烯吡啶为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,通过溶胶凝胶法在无定型硅胶表面合成了壬基酚分子印迹聚合物。通过扫描电镜和红外光谱表征证明成功在硅胶表面合成了表面印迹聚合物。对印迹聚合物吸附性能考察的结果表明,该印迹聚合物对壬基酚仅15 min左右达到吸附平衡,去除率达75.13%,具有明显的快速吸附性和良好的选择吸附性。与C18柱相比,该分子印迹聚合物为填料的固相萃取柱对纺织品中的壬基酚具有显著的选择性分离和富集的能力,对壬基酚的加标回收率为86.4%~95.3%,相对标准偏差为2.8%~4.9%,表现出较高的回收率和准确性。     

阴离子表面活性剂检测分析

阴离子表面活性剂是广泛应用的一种表面活性剂,但是它进入水体或者土壤中会产生严重的环境污染,本文通过实验的方法确定了监测阴离子表面活性剂的最佳条件。     

利用固定化技术与添加表面活性剂增强双酚A降解率的研究

以SiO_2为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,用以固定游离态漆酶降解双酚A(Bisphenol A,BPA).同时,对比了游离态漆酶与固定化漆酶在不同pH值与温度下的最佳酶活与酶稳定性,再通过添加表面活性剂来增加酶活及BPA去除效果.结果表明,与游离态漆酶相比,固定化漆酶对不同酸碱的适应性与耐热性均有所提高,在pH为2~8时,固定化漆酶的活性均高于游离态漆酶,且最佳活性温度也从游离态漆酶的40℃提高至50℃.在BPA降解率方面,固定化漆酶的降解率皆高于游离态漆酶,反应6 h后,对100 mg·L~(-1)BPA的去除率可分别达到92%与85%.通过添加非离子型表面活性剂Triton X-100,反应4 h后固定化漆酶可完全降解BPA,相对活性为67%;游离态漆酶于6 h将BPA降解完全,相对活性为32%.实验证实Triton X-100可作为酶活诱导剂用以提高漆酶活性及BPA的降解率,降低了处理成本且具有一定的应用前景.