铁/钴氮氟掺杂二氧化钛膜的制备研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备Fe,N,F-TiO2膜和Co,N,F-TiO2膜的光催化剂,以亚甲基蓝为模型污染物,探讨了制备两种膜的最佳煅烧温度、镀膜层数和铁/钴掺杂量。结果表明,当煅烧温度400℃,镀膜层数4层,Fe/Ti=0.05%,Co/Ti=0.02%时,得到的Fe,N,F-TiO2膜和Co,N,F-TiO2膜的可见光催化活性最高。其中Fe,N,F-TiO2膜的光催化活性要略优于Co,N,F-TiO2膜。     

n(NO3--N)/n(NO2--N)对混培养菌与纯培养菌同步脱氮除硫的影响

在温度30℃、pH为7、硫氮比为5/3、厌氧条件下,对比研究了不同n(NO-3-N)/n(NO-2-N)对荧光假单胞菌和铜绿假单胞菌混培养菌同步脱氮除硫影响.随着n(NO-3-N)/n(NO-2-N)减小,荧光假单胞菌、铜绿假单胞菌对NOx-N去除率逐渐增高,而S2-去除率却依次减少,混培养菌对NOx-N去除效率先增加后趋于平稳.n(NO-3-N)/n(NO-2-N)对混培养菌去除S2-几乎没有影响.荧光假单胞菌能迅速将NO-3-N转化为NO-2-N,但NO-2-N转为N2却相对缓慢,培养液中出现NO-2-N累积;而铜绿假单胞菌将NO-2-N还原N2的能力明显比荧光假单胞菌强,培养液未反应的NOx-N以NO-3-N为主,未出现NO-2-N累积.混培养菌对NOx-N转化的情况介于荧光假单胞菌与铜绿假单胞菌之间.荧光假单胞菌同时获得较高NOx-N、S2-去除的n(NO-3-N)/n(NO-2-N)为5/5,铜绿假单胞菌为10/0,混培养菌为5.0/5.0.混培养菌对NOx-N、S2-的同步去除效果优于单菌株荧光假单胞菌和铜绿假单胞菌.     

北京东南郊土壤剖面氟喹诺酮类抗生素分布特征

采用Geoprobe在北京东南郊地区实施了土壤剖面钻探,针对8种不同类型土地利用状况的土壤剖面进行土壤采集工作,11个采样点共采集86个土壤样品,分析了土壤样品的理化参数,并且采用高效液相色谱法对土壤样品中5种氟喹诺酮类抗生素(FQs)进行了定量分析.结果表明,北京地区土壤样品中5种氟喹诺酮类抗生素总含量的平均值为46.1μg·kg-1,组成以氧氟沙星(OFL)为主,其次为诺氟沙星(NOR),而恩诺沙星(ENR)、环丙沙星(CIP)和洛美沙星(LOM)的含量很低;不同土壤剖面中氟喹诺酮类抗生素的含量和组成差异明显.5种氟喹诺酮类抗生素总含量的平均值随土壤深度的增加呈现降低的趋势.OFL、NOR、LOM和ENR的平均含量随着深度增加而降低;CIP的平均含量随深度增加先降低后升高.对42个位于浅层(0~3 m)的土壤样品进行模糊聚类分析,结果表明,蔬菜大棚、树林、再生水灌区、地下水灌区(清灌区)、养殖场、排污河沉积物的浅层土壤样品中的喹诺酮类抗生素具有相似的组成特征,即抗生素污染水平较低、种类较少;而制药企业及垃圾填埋场的组成特征与前者明显不同,即抗生素污染水平中等、种类较多.     

Isolation, identification and arsenic-resistance of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans HX3 producing schwertmannite

Schwertmannite, a ubiquitous mineral present in iron oxyhydroxides formed in iron- and sulfate-rich acid media, favors incorporation of some toxic anions in its structure. We reported an iron-oxidizing bacterial strain HX3 from a municipal sludge that facilitates the formation of pure schwertmannite in cultures. Ferrous iron oxidation by the isolated strain HX3 was optimum at an initial pH of 2.0-3.3 and temperature of 28-35°C. Pure schwertmannite was found through bacterial oxidation of ferrous iron at an initial pH 2.8and temperature 28°C. Following 16 S rDNA gene sequence analysis the bacterial strain HX3 was identified as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The arsenic-resistance A. ferrooxidans HX3 showed the potential of environmental application in arsenic removal from the As（Ⅲ）- and iron-rich acid sulfate waters directly by As（Ⅲ） adsorption or the formation of schwertmannite in the environment.     

污泥基吸附剂除磷及其吸附效能研究

试验通过制备的污泥基吸附剂A、B、C和市售果壳活性炭分别对磷酸二氢钾、三聚磷酸钠、甘油磷酸钠不同的磷溶液进行吸附除磷,研究吸附时间、吸附剂投加量、吸附溶液pH值以及磷溶液初始浓度对除磷效果的影响。试验结果表明:污泥基吸附剂对磷的去除率随吸附时间的增加而提高,在2h时基本达到吸附平衡;磷去除率随吸附剂投加量的增加而提高,但单位吸附剂的吸附量会降低;磷去除率随着磷溶液浓度的增加而降低,而吸附量随磷溶液浓度的增加而提高;随着污泥基吸附剂含铁量的增加,磷溶液解析pH值也越小;同时在对生活污水吸附除磷试验中发现,污泥基吸附剂A、B、C磷去除率均好于市售果壳活性炭,分别为73.4%、85.2%、93.6%、73.3%。     

Graphene-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron：Removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution and mechanistic study

Excess phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is one of the key factors causing eutrophication in many lakes in China,so finding a cost-effective method to remove phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is very important for the health of the aqueous environment. Graphene was selected to support nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)for phosphorus removal from synthetic rainwater runoff in this article. Compared with nZVI supported on other porous materials,graphene-supported nZVI(G-nZVI) could remove phosphorus more efficiently. The amount of nZVI in G-nZVI was an important factor in the removal of phosphorus by G-nZVI,and G-nZVI with 20 wt.% nZVI(20% G-nZVI)could remove phosphorus most efficiently. The nZVI was very stable and could disperse very well on graphene,as characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to elucidate the reaction process,and the results indicated that Fe-O-P was formed after phosphorus was adsorbed by G-nZVI. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction(XRD) indicated that the reaction product between nZVI supported on graphene and phosphorus was Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O(Vivianite). It was confirmed that the specific reaction mechanism for the removal of phosphorus with nZVI or G-nZVI was mainly due to chemical reaction between nZVI and phosphorus.     

ABR-MBR一体化工艺节能降耗措施优化研究

能耗高和膜污染是限制膜生物反应器(MBR)广泛应用的重要因素.为降低工艺运行能耗和延缓膜污染,以厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)-MBR工艺处理生活污水为例,对工艺结构和脱氮除磷运行条件进行优化.结果表明,通过优化ABR-MBR工艺结构,可降低43%的运行能耗,同时可保持较高的COD、NH+4-N、TN和TP去除效果,平均去除率分别为91%、85%、76%和86%.另外,添加颗粒填料可有效延缓膜污染,不过也改变了膜污染的形成过程,膜内部污染物含量显著增多,碳水化合物含量增加,而蛋白质含量减少,碳水化合物/蛋白质比明显增大.最终,增强了MBR反应器的实际应用性能.     

污水生化过程后置化学辅助除磷的实验研究

在城市污水生物处理过程中,投加化学药剂有助于出水的磷达标,但化学辅助除磷的效果受多种因素影响。针对投加位置、污泥浓度、温度、p H值、DO对后置化学辅助除磷效果的影响开展实验研究,有助于后置化学辅助除磷过程的优化控制。结果表明:在二沉池前投加混凝剂的方式TP去除率较高;在温度、p H值、DO一定条件下,TP去除率与投加量均呈现显著线性正相关,和污泥浓度无关;温度对TP去除率有影响,温度低于18℃时TP去除率较高;p H值对TP去除率有影响,p H为7.0~8.0时TP去除率较高;DO1 mg/L时,混凝剂投加量越大,TP去除率越高,但当DO1 mg/L时,混凝剂投加量与TP去除率没有明显关系。     

污水处理厂除磷效果影响因素分析

生物及化学协同除磷可以达到较好的除磷效果,本文分析了污水可生化处理条件并探讨了污水处理系统中生物/化学除磷的影响因素。     

林地土壤氟的形态分布特征及其影响因素

采用连续分级浸提法分析了13个具有代表性的不同类型林地土壤中氟的赋存形态特征,探讨了土壤理化性质对氟形态分布的影响。结果表明,研究区域土壤全氟含量变化较大,为62.68～970.39 mg/kg,以残余态为主,其中水溶态、可交换态、铁锰氧化物态、有机束缚态和残余态氟含量平均值分别为0.59、0.02、0.50、0.79和374.98 mg/kg。相关性分析表明,不同形态氟之间存在一定的相关性,且土壤性质也影响氟的形态分布,如水溶态氟含量与土壤pH呈显著正相关,与黏粒、铝氧化物呈显著负相关;可交换态氟含量与锰氧化物含量呈显著负相关。基于土壤阳离子交换量、黏粒、铝氧化物和锰氧化物的多元回归模型,可较好地预测水溶态氟、可交换态氟和铁锰氧化物态氟的含量,其决定系数r~2为0.53～0.70。