气候变化背景下青藏高原青稞自然灾害暴露研究进展

青稞是青藏高原特有的农作物,是世居民族依赖的主要食物,全球变化背景下自然灾害的加剧,使青稞的灾害暴露加大,威胁到高原世居民族的粮食安全。在梳理高原青稞种植范围、品种变化、产量需求等研究基础上,界定青稞面向自然灾害风险的暴露内涵及时空表达,并对基于现代技术条件下青稞暴露的定量分析方法和未来可能技术进行了总结和展望,以期从青稞暴露研究的角度为农作物自然灾害风险评价提供参考。     

青藏高原地区准好氧填埋单元试验研究

为研究准好氧填埋技术在海拔高、空气稀薄、气温低、昼夜温差大、蒸发强、降雨少的青藏高原地区的适用性,在青藏高原不冻泉地区开展了为期14个月的准好氧填埋单元试验研究.试验结果表明,准好氧填埋单元的渗滤液COD浓度由3307 mg/L降低到403 mg/L,氨氮由135.4 mg/L降低到0.04 mg/L,渗滤液量大幅减少.研究为青藏高原地区提供了一种垃圾处理方式.     

青藏高原生活污水处理及回用的工艺研究

在高寒缺氧的青藏高原如何对生活污水进行有效的处理,目前仍无好的解决方案。实验采用的生态大棚系统可在青藏高原的恶劣环境下提供适宜的人工小环境,保证生物处理正常运行所必需的热平衡、O2-CO2的循环平衡和水循环的平衡。采用的好氧生物-土地处理工艺不仅能保证污水处理达到国家一级排放标准,同时还解决了长期以来高原蔬菜种植的难题。     

Profile of Methane Concentrations in Soil and Atmosphere in Alpine Steppe Ecosystem on Tibetan Plateau

The methane concentration profile from -1.5m depth in soil to 32m height in air was measured in alpine steppe located in the permafrost area. Methane concentrations showed widely variations both in air and in soil during the study period. The mean concentrations in atmosphere were all higher than those in soil, and the highest methane concentration was found in air at the height of 16m with the lowest concentration occurring at the depth of 1.5m in soil. The variations of atmospheric methane concentrations did not show any clear pattern both temporally and spatially, although they exhibited a more steadystable state than those in soil. During the seasonal variations, the methane concentrations at different depths in soil were significantly correlated （R^2〉0.6） with each other comparing to the weak correlations （R^2〈0.2） between the atmospheric concentra- tions at different heights. Mean methane concentrations in soil significantly decreased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the decreasing production rates and the increasing methane oxidation rates, which was caused by the descent soil moisture with depth. Although the methane concentrations at all depths varied widely during the growing season, they showed very distinct temporal variations in the non-growing season. It was indicated from the literatures that methane oxidation rates were positively correlated with soil temperature. The higher methane concentrations in soil during the winter were determined by the lower methane oxidation rates with decreasing soil temperatures, whereas methane production rates had no reaction to the lower temperature. Relations between methane contribution and other environmental factors were not discussed in this paper for lacking of data, which impulse us to carry out further and more detailed studies in this unique area.     

挥之不去的青藏情结

我在长江头,家住长江尾,保护长江水源,就是保护家乡水。几乎每个青藏铁路建设者当年都是怀着这样的心愿走向青藏高原的。在青藏高原逐渐隆起的漫长过程中,生成了草甸、湿地、冻土等独特的高原生态系统,孕育了长江、黄河、澜沧江、怒江、雅鲁藏布江的源头。这里栖息着藏野驴、藏羚羊等珍稀的野生动物,气候寒冷,空气稀薄,生态环境脆弱。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠和青藏高原地区沙尘气溶胶光学特性及其加热率的时空分布特征

沙尘不同的垂直分布对大气的加热作用不同,通过卫星观测结合数值模拟,可以更清楚地了解沙尘辐射加热作用,有利于理解沙尘对该地区大气热结构的影响机制.因此,本研究利用CALIPSO气溶胶产品和SBDART模式,分析了2007—2020年塔克拉玛干沙漠和青藏高原沙尘气溶胶及其短波加热率的时空分布特征.结果表明,塔克拉玛干沙漠和青藏高原的年平均沙尘气溶胶光学厚度（DAOD,532 nm）分别为0.300～0.350和0.086～0.108,平均值分别为0.328和0.097.塔克拉玛干沙漠季节平均DAOD的最大、最小值分别出现在春季和冬季,而青藏高原的最大、最小值分别出现在夏季和秋季.塔克拉玛干沙漠和青藏高原的沙尘消光系数（σD）最大值分别出现在春季和夏季.2007—2020年,两地的σD在春季均呈增加趋势,而在秋季则呈减小趋势.春季和夏季的短波沙尘加热率（SW DHR）均大于其它两个季节,其中春季最大,塔克拉玛干沙漠上空冬季最弱,青藏高原上空秋季最弱.春夏季,青藏高原北坡存在较强沙尘加热层,其顶部高于5 km,其强度及高值区从春季到冬季逐渐减小.从年变化来看,春季短波加热率呈加强趋势,秋季呈减...     

格尔木“变形记”

半个世纪以来,一片荒滩的格尔木,因交通而生,因资源立市。经历过帐蓬城、骆驼城、兵城、汽车城等的变迁,这座被建设者和拓荒人用青春和生命架构而起的年轻的城市,正在逐渐发展成为资源加工转换中心、西部交通枢纽、信息通讯枢纽和现代物流中心、高原特色旅游中心,走上循环经济的发展之路。     

凉山州环境监测站

凉山彝族自治州位于四川省西南部,青藏高原向云贵高原过渡的横断山区,是长江上游的生态屏障和重点地区,幅员面积6．1万平方公里,辖17个县市。境内山峦叠嶂,地形地貌复杂,多以山地为主,占幅员面积80％以上：山原次之,占20％;丘陵、冲积平原及宽谷和断陷盆地总共约占10％。山地多为海拔大于1500米以上的高中山和中山,相对高差常达1000-2500米。     

地球第三极珠峰大行动启动

“2010地球第三极珠峰大行动”日前在北京启动。地球第三极珠峰大行动将关注青藏高原地区在可持续发展方面的挑战与需求,对珠峰乃至整个高原地区的环境保护、民生改善、科技创新以及教育予以援助,     

生物多样性的重大发现 青海野生古柽柳树王

<正>2010年7月下旬,中国科学院西北高原生物研究所研究员吴玉虎率青藏高原标本馆考察队进行生物多样性调查时,经当地林场场长才让太指引,在海海省同德县境内发现了一片野生甘蒙柽柳(Tamarix austromongolica Nakai)林,其面积约60余公顷,