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逆境对木兰科树种伤害机理的研究已受到广泛重视,但关于木兰科树种抗逆性机制的研究和综合评价缺乏系统性.文章论述了近年来逆境对木兰科树种伤害机理的研究进展,特别是对其光合生理的影响,主要包括植物生物量、净光合速率(Pn)、细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)、叶绿素含量(Chl)、蒸腾速率(Tr)及叶绿素荧光等参数,并概述了逆境对木兰科树种细胞膜稳定性和渗透调节作用的影响.提出应加强逆境胁迫下木兰科树种抗性机制的研究,并结合实际的栽培环境,运用多个生理生态指标,对木兰科树种的环境适应性进行综合评价,以期科学指导木兰科树种的保护栽培和引种驯化. 相似文献
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通过分析陆生和淹水环境对不同芦竹基因型生长和生理特性的影响,以期筛选获得一批适应洞庭湖湿地季节性干湿交替生境的优良种质,为退化湿地的修复提供材料支撑。以来源不同的3份芦竹种质为材料,设置淹水处理和陆生对照处理,观察分析不同基因型间在植株表型、光合特征指标(光合速率和蒸腾速率)及生理指标(超氧化物歧化酶、脯氨酸、丙二醛)上的差异。研究显示,芦竹是一种喜水的两栖植物类型,既可以适应陆生环境,也可以适应长期(>4个月)淹水环境。相较于陆生环境,淹水可以促进芦竹植株的生长。在供试的3个芦竹基因型中,来自新西兰的G1基因型在淹水与陆生环境下均表现最好。较强的蒸腾速率和较高的SOD活性是保证G1基因型表现最为优异的支撑。研究明确了芦竹用于洞庭湖退杨还湿地及退化湿地恢复修复的可行性,并筛选得到了优异种质,为洞庭湖退化湿地修复提供了理论及材料支撑。 相似文献
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MicroRNA398(miR398)是植物中一类高度保守的miRNA成员,为了解茶树miR398(csn-miR398)家族成员结构特点、进化特性及在非生物胁迫和水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)处理下的调控作用,对茶树miR398序列进行多重比对和进化特性分析、靶基因预测、表达模式分析及RNA寡核苷酸(RNA oligonucleotides)过表达验证.结果显示,茶树含有8个miR398家族成员,系统进化树分析显示茶树miR398家族成员均位于其前体3’端臂,并且茶树miR398f/b-1保守性低于茶树miR398-/a/a-3p/b-2/b-3/b-3p.序列多重比对显示茶树miR398序列长度均为21 nt,并且与其他植物相比,茶树miR398序列第2位和第19位核苷酸发生更多突变事件.靶基因预测结果表明,茶树miR398家族成员可能靶向CsCSD1、CsCSD2和CsCCS.过表达csn-miR398a-3p负调控CsCSD1表达.启动子分析显示CsMIR398基因含有光响应、胁迫响应和SA响应元件.荧光定量PCR结果显示多数茶树miR398表达量在干旱胁迫呈下降... 相似文献
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植物质膜质子泵(H+-ATP酶)是一种重要的功能蛋白,为次级主动运输提供质子动力,既参与调控植物正常生长,也参与植物响应环境因子等非生物胁迫时抗性机制的构建.探讨植物质膜H+-ATP酶活性调控机理已成为植物生理学领域的研究热点.在简要概括植物质膜H+-ATP酶结构与生理功能的基础上,结合近年来质膜H+-ATP酶对环境因... 相似文献
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Single and joint stress of acetochlor and Pb on three agricultural crops in
northeast China 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
In order to evaluate ecological risk of agrochemicals in agricultural environment, single and joint toxic effects of an important herbicide and a typical heavy metal on root elongation of crops were investigated. Seeds of the three crops including wheat (Triticum aestivum), Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekimensis) and soybean (Glycine max) as the main crops in northeast China were exposed to acetochior as a herbicide and lead (Pb) as a heavy metal using the pot-culture method, and meadow brown soil as one of the main soils distributed in northeast China was applied in the investigation. The results indicated that the interactive effects of the two pollutants on root elongation of the three crops were very complicated although they had markedly significant (P〈0.01) linear interrelationships based on the regression analyses. When the concentration of added Pb^2+ reached 200 mg/kg, acetochlor and Pb had an antagonistic effect on the inhibition of root elongation of the three crops. However, acetochlor and Pb had significantly (P〈0.05) synergic effects on the inhibition of root elongation when concentration of added Pb^2+ was up to 1000 mg/kg. At the low concentration of added Pb, joint toxicity of acetochlor and Pb was more dependent on the concentration of Pb. Among the three crops, wheat was the most sensitive to the toxicity of Pb and Chinese cabbage was the most sensitive to the toxicity of acetochlor. 相似文献
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A review on completing arsenic biogeochemical cycle:Microbial volatilization of arsines in environment 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Arsenic (As) is ubiquitous in the environment in the carcinogenic inorganic forms, posing risks to human health in many parts of the world. Many microorganisms have evolved a series of mechanisms to cope with inorganic arsenic in their growth media such as transforming As compounds into volatile derivatives. Bio-volatilization of As has been suggested to play an important role in global As biogeochemical cycling, and can also be explored as a potential method for arsenic bioremediation. This review aims to provide an overview of the quality and quantity of As volatilization by fungi, bacteria, microalga and protozoans. Arsenic bio-volatilization is influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors that can be manipulated/elucidated for the purpose of As bioremediation. Since As bio- volatilization is a resurgent topic for both biogeochemistry and environmental health, our review serves as a concept paper for future research directions. 相似文献
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鉴于传统的处理方法、尤其是生物处理方法,在处理重金属污泥时的不经济和效率低下,因此,着重介绍了重金属污泥的几种非生物处理方法(电化学方法、微波法、酸化法、离子交换法、络合剂法、吸附法、氨浸法等)的行为机制、研究进展和实际应用等,并对这些方法的处理效果和环境安全作了比较。电化学方法由于见效快、效率高、操作简便且无二次污染,目前已引起环境科学家的广泛关注。 相似文献
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围绕当前餐饮业湿热除油厨余垃圾(FORFW)厌氧消化甲烷产率不高、“酸积累”和“氨抑制”导致过程不稳定的问题,基于生物-非生物协同强化湿热除油餐饮业厨余垃圾厌氧消化的课题组的前期发现,通过三因素三水平中温厌氧消化正交试验系统探究并优化接种比、铁类添加剂添加量和酵母菌添加量3个条件参数,同时借助高通量测序阐明生物-非生物添加剂协同促进FORFW产甲烷的内在微生物机理.研究发现,3个条件参数对FORFW厌氧消化的甲烷产率影响由高至低为接种比>酵母菌添加量>铁类添加剂添加量.接种比1.5、铁类添加剂0.5%(质量分数)、活化酵母菌3%(质量分数)为较优的使用条件.在上述条件下,FORFW的挥发性固体(VS)去除率为40.1%,累积甲烷产率为237.5mL/gVS.体系中甲烷鬃毛菌属(Methanosaeta)、互营单胞菌属(Syntrophomonas)和Syner-01属相对丰度明显增加,实现了乳酸来源的丙酸高效转化.其中,甲烷鬃毛菌属与厌氧绳菌科细菌互营产甲烷,互营单胞菌属参与互营丁酸氧化,Syner-01属参与互营乙酸氧化和氨基酸氧化.因此,FORFW的甲烷产率得到了切实保... 相似文献