海绵铁三金属降解对硝基苯酚的影响因素及催化机理

通过超声置换反应制备钯铜共修饰海绵铁三金属催化剂（Pd-（Cu-s-Fe⁰））,研究了三金属负载顺序、金属负载量、材料投加量以及重复利用对材料降解对硝基苯酚（PNP）的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）表征材料表面结构特征.结果表明,Pd-（Cu-s-Fe⁰）催化活性高于Cu-（Pd-s-Fe⁰）和（Cu-Pd）-s-Fe⁰;Cu和Pd的最佳负载量分别为5%和0.025%.在100mL初始浓度为100mg/L的PNP溶液中投加3g Pd-（Cu-s-Fe⁰）并超声反应30min,PNP的降解率超过80%,降解反应基本符合一级动力学方程;Pd-（Cu-s-Fe⁰）材料循环利用4次表现出良好的循环利用性能.此外,PNP的主要催化还原产物是对氨基苯酚（PAP）,主要的反应路径是催化还原反应.     

Polycentric and resilient perspectives for governing the commons: Strategic and law and economics insights for sustainable development

Commons governance theory is central to identifying and managing conflicts arising from natural and cultural resources traps. Scholars – using game theory and economic analysis of law – have proposed alternative models, consisting of a set of mitigated scenarios, multiple players, and new equilibria in commons governance. Likewise, novel legal innovations of the commons have also been designed. Reinterpreting the commons in light of political economy, ecology, and pluralistic approaches, a critical review of existing scholarship, economic analysis of law, and case study investigations are performed. Examining an array of views – including governance of water in Ecuador, Bolivia, and Italy – a research and policy agenda is put forward to offer original interpretations and novel holistic perspectives. Germane environmental policy implications deriving from SDGs, resilient governance, and polycentric perspectives are thus extrapolated. Finally, pluralistic frameworks drafted by mitigation and adaptation are measured by improved sustainable development performance in commons, resource, and water governance.     

纳米Cu0@Fe3O4活化PMS降解对-硝基苯酚的协同反应机制

为解决纳米Cu⁰活化过硫酸盐体系主要依赖浸出铜离子参与均相反应且适应pH范围窄（<7）的缺陷,本研究采用共沉淀法制备了纳米Cu⁰@Fe₃O₄催化剂,以对-硝基苯酚（PNP）为目标污染物,较系统地考察了Cu⁰@Fe₃O₄活化PMS的性能和降解PNP的反应机制.结果表明：① pH=5.65、200 mg ·L^-1 Cu⁰@Fe₃O₄和0.5 mmol ·L^-1 PMS在60 min内对5 mg ·L^-1 PNP的降解率可达到96%;②在Cu⁰@Fe₃O₄/PMS体系中,总铜离子（TCu）和总亚铜离子（TCu⁺）以及铁离子浸出几乎可以忽略,可认为是非均相反应体系;③通过包覆Fe₃O₄成功改变了Cu⁰活化PMS降解PNP的反应途径,在5~9的pH范围内都具有良好的降解性能;④反应体系中存在SO^-₄ ·和HO ·两种活性自由基,对反应体系的贡献率分别为34%和60%,HO ·是主导自由基;⑤体系中Fe和Cu之间存在双金属协同作用,Cu（Ⅰ）的存在能够促进Fe（Ⅲ）还原为Fe（Ⅱ）,从而形成良好的氧化还原循环,提高了反应体系的持久性.     

春节除夕燃放烟花爆竹对环境空气质量影响分析

结合2003—2014年南京城区春节除夕前后主要空气污染物监测数据,分析烟花爆竹集中燃放时空气污染指数及PM10、SO2、NO2质量浓度的变化趋势。指出除夕燃放烟花爆竹会引起PM10、SO2、NO2质量浓度上升,在大气扩散条件不佳的情况下影响了环境空气质量。建议在大中城市城区采取适当的禁放措施,并加快研制安全环保型的烟花爆竹替代产品。     

桐花树幼苗叶片生理生态指标对气态汞胁迫的响应

桐花树是我国主要的广布种红树植物,具有泌盐性。通过胁迫实验,研究桐花树幼苗叶片生理生态指标对气态单质汞(Hg0)胁迫的响应,以期了解红树植物吸收和富集气态汞的机制。结果表明:气态汞胁迫造成桐花树叶片可溶性糖含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性下降;而丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等指标上升;叶绿素含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性出现先升高后降低的趋势,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量则先降低后升高。总之,虽然Hg0胁迫可增加桐花树幼苗叶的膜质过氧化程度,影响其生理代谢活动,但其叶片可通过调节抗氧化酶活性及还原型谷胱甘肽含量来提高自身抗氧化能力,进而提高对Hg0的抗性。     

Insight into the adsorption of tetracycline onto amino and amino–Fe functionalized mesoporous silica: Effect of functionalized groups

In order to study the influences of functionalized groups onto the adsorption of tetracycline (TC), we prepared a series of amino and amino–Fe^{3 0;+} complex mesoporous silica adsorbents with diverse content of amino and Fe^{3 0;+} groups (named N,N-SBA15 and Fe-N,N-SBA15). The resulting mesoporous silica adsorbents were fully characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms. Furthermore, the effects of functionalized groups on the removal of TC were investigated. The results showed that the periodic ordered structure of SBA-15 was maintained after modification of amino/Fe^{3 0;+} groups. The functionalized amino groups decreased the adsorption capacity while the coordinated Fe^{3 0;+} increased the adsorption capacity. The adsorption kinetics of TC fitted pseudo-second-order model well and the equilibrium was achieved quickly. The adsorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir model well and with the Fe^{3 0;+} content increased from 3.93% to 8.26%, the Q_max of the adsorbents increased from 102 to 188 0;mmol/kg. The solution pH affected the adsorption of TC onto amino complex adsorbents slightly while influenced the adsorption onto Fe-amine complex adsorbents greatly. The adsorption of TC on SBA15 and N,N-SBA15 may be related to the formation of outer-sphere surface complexes, while the adsorption of TC onto Fe-N,N-SBA15 was mainly attributed to the inner-sphere surface complexes. This study could offer potential materials that have excellent adsorption behavior for environmental remediation and suggested useful information for the preparing other adsorbents in environmental applications.     

缺氧／厌氧／好氧工艺的脱氮除磷研究

通过实验研究缺氧环境倒置，来比较对Ａ／Ａ／Ｏ工艺脱氮除功能的影响。结果表明，与常规Ａ／Ａ／Ｏ（厌／缺／好）工艺相比，倒置后的工艺具有更好的脱氮除磷效果，在同等条件下，倒置系统的出水中ＰＯ４＾３－Ｐ明显降低，而比反硝化速率却可３０－５０％，该文还进一步揭示了聚磷微生物在各种环境下的释磷和吸磷规律及其相互关系。     

某垃圾填埋场地下水质监测井网优化设计——基于模拟优化法

以白城市垃圾填埋场为研究区,通过正交试验设计法得到2个污染源的4组可能污染源强组合,建立地下水流及溶质运移数值模拟模型,预测潜在污染源可能对研究区地下水产生的污染.根据污染羽分布情况,布设了57口潜在监测井.以最大化覆盖高污染区域为目标建立0-1整数规划优化模型并用隐枚举法进行求解.结果表明：模拟优化方法在允许监测井数目不同的情况下得到了最优地下水质监测井网布设方案.以7口监测井为例,最优布设方案为1,6,9,15,19,23,31号监测井（5口位于渗滤液调节池下游,2口位于填埋区下游）.最优布设方案的污染物检出概率达95%,远高于随机布设方案.