高通量测序技术研究辽河真核浮游藻类的群落结构特征

真核浮游藻类在河流生态系统中发挥着重要生态功能,本研究对辽河水环境样本的18S rRNA基因的V4可变区进行454焦磷酸测序,对获得的OTU代表性序列进行物种注释.比较注释后的生物种类信息与光学显微镜观察结果的异同,并将OTUs的代表性序列与NCBI中真核浮游藻类的18S rRNA基因序列进行系统发育分析,此外研究了真核浮游藻类群落结构特征及其环境影响指标.研究共获得约167 901条18S rRNA基因V4可变区的高质量序列,注释为424个OTUs,涵盖了134种真核浮游藻类OTUs.与光学显微镜鉴别结果类似,高通量测序结果以硅藻门和绿藻门为优势类群,此外检测到轮藻门、隐藻门、定鞭藻门和金藻纲等显微镜观察结果中未有的类群.系统发育分析可在门这一分类阶元对隐藻门和甲藻门聚类,并将隐藻门在属水平进行聚类和区分,甲藻门可以在部分科或属水平聚类和区分.RDA结果显示,氨氮、活性磷和硝态氮是影响真核浮游藻类群落结构特征最重要的环境因子.本研究为认识辽河水环境中真核浮游藻类的多样性、群落结构及其环境影响因子提供了新的视角,同时也预示着高通量测序技术在辽河流域浮游植物监测和水环境质量指示中的应用潜力.     

艾比湖湿地盐节木根际土壤氨氧化微生物多样性和丰度及其与环境因子的相关性分析

氨氧化反应是硝化作用的关键步骤,参与这一反应的微生物是氨氧化细菌(AOB)和氨氧化古菌(AOA).对新疆艾比湖湿地盐节木根际和非根际土壤的氨氧化微生物进行群落结构和丰度分析,并探究其与土壤理化因子的相关性.同时,以氨单加氧酶基因(amo A)为分子标记,构建克隆文库和测序并与q-PCR法结合研究AOA、AOB的群落结构和丰度,利用Pearson相关分析法探究其与环境因子的相关性.结果表明,根际土壤中AOB的多样性高于AOA,amo A基因序列多属于土壤/水体沉积物分支,AOB克隆文库中的所有序列均属于亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas).根际土壤中AOA amo A和AOB amo A的数量分别为2.09×104和2.91×105copies·g~(-1),AOB/AOA的比值为13.9;非根际土壤中AOA amo A和AOB amo A的数量分别为3.85×104和4.76×105copies·g~(-1),AOB/AOA的比值为12.36.相关分析显示,氨氧化微生物的群落结构和丰度与电导率(EC)、有机质(OM)、速效氮(AN)、氨氮(NH_4~+-N)和总氮(TN)等环境因子显著相关.这些结果表明,根际土壤中AOB的群落多样性高于AOA,根际和非根际土壤中AOB的丰度均高于AOA,说明在艾比湖湿地AOB是氨氧化微生物的优势种群,且EC、OM、AN、NH_4~+-N和TN可能会影响氨氧化微生物的群落结构和丰度.     

Bioleaching of spent Ni-Cd batteries and phylogenetic analysis of an acidophilic strain in acidified sludge

Biohydrometallurgy is a novel method to recycle discarded batteries, in which sewage sludge is used as microorganisms and culture due to the presence of indigenous Thiobacilli. A two-step continuous flow leaching system consisting of an acidifying reactor and a leaching reactor was introduced to achieve the bioleaching of spent nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries. The acid supernatant produced in the acidifying reactor by the microorganisms with ferrous ions as the substrate was conducted into the leaching reactor to dissolve electrode materials. The efficiency of a batch treatment of batteries was examined. The results showed that the complete dissolution of two AA-sized Ni-Cd batteries with 0.6 L/d acid supernatant took about 30, 20, and 35 days for Ni, Cd, and Co, respectively. But the dissolution ability of the three metals was different. Cd and Co can be leached mostly for pH below 4.0 while the complete dissolution of Ni can be achieved for pH below 2.5. Meanwhile, a strain (named Thiooxidans. WL) accounting for the reduction of pH in the acidified sludge was isolated and sequenced. It was identified to be 100% similar to Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain Tf-49 based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The relevant phylogenetic tree constructed indicates that the strain should be classified into genus Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.     

北京沙尘暴的干盐湖盐渍土源——单颗粒物分析和XPS表面结构分析

2002年3月20日北京特大沙尘暴565个单颗粒物分析结果表明,S和Cl是唯一呈现显著正相关的一对元素.同时含有S和Cl的单颗粒物检出率高达82.5%,其中S和Cl的含量还高于所有颗粒物平均值.同时含有S、Cl和Na的颗粒物检出率为62.0%,其中Na的含量更比所有颗粒物平均值高出1.4倍.PMF因子分析显示NaCl和Na2SO4是北京沙尘暴S和Cl显著相关的那些单颗粒物的主要成分.沙尘暴样品中SO₄^2-和C^l-浓度呈高度线性相关.X射线光电子谱对气溶胶表面结构分析显示,Na和S在沙尘暴颗粒物表面的百分含量比北京非沙尘暴和内蒙古地区气溶胶样品高.这些同时含有S、Cl和Na,且S和Cl显著正相关,Na相对富集的颗粒物多数来自于沙尘暴途中所经过的其表层土成分富含氯化物和硫酸盐的干盐湖盐渍土地区.证明了北京沙尘暴不仅来自于其源头沙漠,沙尘暴所经过的包括干盐湖盐渍土的大范围干旱、半干旱地区的表层土也是其主要来源.     

Molecular prenatal diagnosis of 3-hydroxy−3-methylglutaryl coa lyase deficiency

We report the first molecular prenatal diagnosis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA lyase (HL) deficiency. The proband had a classic but severe presentation with hypoketotic hypoglycaemia and acidosis, secondary mental retardation, and epilepsy, and HL deficiency was documented in cultured fibroblasts. We found him to be homozygous for the frameshift mutation N46fs (+1), which yields a distinct pattern on single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. In two subsequent pregnancies, molecular prenatal diagnosis was performed using SSCP. In the first, chorionic villus biopsy was normal. In the second pregnancy, amniocentesis revealed an affected fetus. In both pregnancies, the diagnosis was confirmed enzymatically. HL activity was less than 7 per cent of control values in amniocytes and fetal liver of the affected pregnancy. In the second pregnancy, amniotic fluid metabolite measurements by stable isotope dilution-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry showed greater than 100-fold increases of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and of 3-methylglutaconic acid levels compared with controls.     

Trisomy 16 fetus surviving into the second trimester

A 27-year-old gravida 4, para 3 was found to have anhydramnios at 14 weeks' gestation following a size/date discrepancy noted at her routine prenatal visit. A detailed ultrasound revealed multiple fetal anomalies including congenital heart defect, chest hypoplasia, and bilateral dysplastic kidneys. Karyotype revealed trisomy 16 in 15/15 cells from a tissue specimen obtained from the fetal cord insertion site following elective pregnancy termination.     

高浓度H2S、CS2废气综合治理技术

二硫化碳工业废气含有高浓度H₂S和CS₂．采用TF－C技术治理,废气先经TF脱硫液湿法选择吸收H₂S,再经活性炭于法脱除CS₂。在巧妙设计的工业装置运行结果,治理效果良好:削减废气中H₂S和CS₂排放量分别为99．9／和79％,达GBJ₄－73规定的工业废气排放标准,并副产CS₂和硫磺回用于生产。      

缺氧反硝化除磷菌驯X菌的筛选与生长条件优化

以SBR强化生物除磷装置污泥为研究对象,进行反硝化除磷菌的筛选,并用传统与现代分子生物学相结合手段确定其分类地位,同时采用响应面分析试验进行菌的生长条件优化. 结果表明:驯X菌的生理生化指标显示其具有缺氧反硝化除磷功能,根据细菌形态观察、培养特征、生理生化指标和16S rDNA测序结果,驯X菌与Escherichia coli最相似,同源性高达99.9%,因此驯X菌(Escherichia coli)是缺氧反硝化除磷菌. 由响应面分析可知,影响驯X菌生长的关键因素次序为ρ(碳源)＞pH＞ρ(氮源),二次项中ρ(碳源)2也是唯一的显著因素,ρ(碳源)对菌的生长具有决定作用;其中碳源采用乙酸钠+葡萄糖,氮源采用硫酸铵+蛋白胨. 驯X菌的最优化生长条件:ρ(碳源)为3.48g/L,ρ(氮源)为1.22 g/L,pH为8.00,此时实测的菌浊平均值为0.732.      

现代化信息技术在专业图书馆的应用

重视现代信息技术的应用是专业图书馆的一个特点。本文从图书馆业务工作的自动化及文献信息服务的自动化两方面，阐述了如何利用新技术手段为科研人员服务。     

荧光原位杂交在环境微生物学中的应用及进展

荧光原位杂交技术广泛用于分析复杂环境的微生物群落构成,可以在自然生境中监测和鉴定微生物,并能对未被培养的微生物进行检测.rRNA为靶序列寡核苷酸或PNA探针的荧光原位杂交能提供微生物的形态学、数量、空间分布等信息,现已成为环境科学研究领域中的热点技术.对荧光原位杂交技术的发展和在环境微生物学中的应用进行了综述,探讨了该技术的应用和发展前景.