大吨位预应力锚具组装件锚固性能足尺试验

广州西塔节点层系采用大直径体外预应力拉索直接对钢管柱施加楼层平面内方向的体外预应力.选取3根φ7×199的预应力锚具组装件进行了50次周期荷载试验及静载锚同性能足尺试验.采用两台YC-1350型液压千斤顶同步顶推箱梁对预应力试验索进行张拉,测定拉索的周期载荷性能、静载锚同性能、拉伸弹性模量以及极限拉力时的总应变和锚杯与锚板间相对位移,考核锚具拉伸时锚固情况、拉伸过程及卸载后锚具的变形情况.结果表明,经过50次循环加载后试验索均无断丝,破断荷载超过12151kN,其他各项指标也均符合要求,因而能保证广州西塔体外预应力设计的安全性.     

液固比对含重金属水泥熟料制品中重金属释放的影响

通过模拟煅烧试验制取水泥熟料,参照JGJ 55-2000（《普通混凝土配比设计规程》）制取混凝土样品,参考SR003.1和NEN 7375浸出试验,分别研究液固比对粒状及块状混凝土样品中重金属（Cr、Ni和As）释放的影响。结果表明,在不同液固比条件下粒状混凝土中的重金属浸出浓度为Cr>Ni>As,Cr、As浸出浓度基本保持不变,分别为2 500 μg/L左右和5～6 μg/L,Ni在液固比（L∶S）<6时,浸出浓度随着液固比的增加而降低,在L∶S>6时,浸出浓度较稳定,为35.7～41.5 μg/L;浸出量均随着液固比的增加而增大。液固比（L∶S）<10时,块状混凝土中重金属累积释放量及扩散系数均随液固比的增加而增大,当L∶S>10时两者基本保持不变。     

废弃印刷线路板碘化法浸金研究

针对碘化法从废弃印刷线路板中提取金的工艺设计,分别考察了碘的质量分数、n(I₂)/n(I^-)比值、固液比、双氧水的质量分数、pH值、浸出时间和浸出温度对金浸出率的影响。结合正交设计优化实验方法,提出了从废弃印刷线路板中碘化法浸取金的最佳工艺条件：碘的质量分数为1.1％,n(I₂)∶n(I^-)=1∶10,双氧水的质量分数为1.5％,浸出时间4 h,固液比为1∶10,浸出温度为常温（25℃）,溶液pH值为中性,此时金浸出率可达97.5％。     

模拟酸雨对土壤修复中重金属淋溶特征及土壤持水能力的影响

以磷酸二氢钾（PDP）钝化后的重金属污染土壤为研究对象,通过室内土柱淋溶和土壤吸水实验,考察pH为3.1、4.6和5.1的模拟酸雨对污染土壤修复过程中重金属淋溶特征及土壤持水能力的影响。实验结果表明：PDP处理显著增加了淋出液的pH、电导率、TOC和正磷酸盐态磷（ZP）含量,在淋溶初期显著降低了淋出液的Cu、Cd和Pb含量,但在淋溶后期增大了Pb含量;土壤持水量与电导率、pH、TOC和ZP含量呈现极显著负相关性;土壤修复过程中,有机质的淋失、盐分含量及pH的增大可引起土壤持水能力的减弱。     

Effect of chemical and thermal activations on the properties of rice husk ash-based solidified wastes

Strength development,leachability and microstructure of heavy metals from the solidified waste using synthesis rice husk ash (sRHA) and lime blended at the weight ratio of 1:1 were used as binders.The heavy metal-containing sludge was used at the level of 0 wt.%,30 wt.%,and 50 wt.% dry weight,respectively.The sample specimens with and without 1.5 wt.% of sodium silicate (SiO 2 /Na 2 O=1.0) were cured under the ambient condition and elevated temperature curing at 50°C for 24 hr.Experimental results showed that the introduction of sodium silicate solution and elevated temperature curing to sRHA-based solidified waste containing 30 wt.% of heavy metal sludge gave one day strength of 20 kg/cm 2 compared to 0.9 kg/cm2 for the control sample.XRD patterns indicated that most metal-sulfides present in the sludge were appeared in the solidified waste and SEM coupled with EDX techniques reveal these metal-sulfide particles were trapped within the lime-sRHA matrices.In addition,cumulative leaching behavior by tank test (EA NEN 7375:2004) showed that solidified waste containing up to 30 wt.% of heavy metal sludge was suitable to dispose in a secured landfill.     

废物水泥窑共处置产品中重金属的释放特性

选用欧盟固体中无机组分有效量测试方法(EA NEN7371)和块状材料中无机组分的扩散实验方法(EA NEN7375),研究了模拟混凝土样品中重金属(Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Pb)的释放特性.结果表明,混凝土中重金属的有效释放量低于总量;不同重金属的有效释放量与总量比值差异较大.扩散控制是混凝土中Cr、Ni和Cd释放的主要机理,释放曲线与斜率为0.5的直线拟合较佳,且不同区间浸出量曲线的斜率均在0.35~0.65范围内;As在释放前期有延滞现象,但中后期仍以扩散控制为主;Pb的释放为溶解控制,受浸取液的pH值影响较大.重金属扩散系数负对数值按Pb相似文献   

离子液体对废旧印刷线路板中铜、锌、铅的浸出规律

以离子液体1-丁基磺酸-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲烷磺酸盐([BSO_3HMIm]OTf)为浸出剂,初步研究了WPCBs浸铜过程中锌和铅浸出率的影响因素。实验结果表明:铜、锌的浸出率随着WPCBs粒径的减小、H_2O_2溶液加入量的增大而增大,铜的浸出率随浸出温度的升高先增大后减小,锌的浸出率受浸出温度影响不大;铅的浸出率受5种因素影响不大,且总体处于较低水平。在WPCBs粒径为0.100~0.250 mm、离子液体加入量为60.0%(φ)、H_2O_2溶液加入量为7.5%(φ)、固液比为1∶15、浸出温度为50℃的条件下,铜、锌、铅的浸出率分别为99.84%,93.25%,22.46%。     

长大区间隧道抽出式串联通风机排烟能力实验研究

为实现有效通风以降低隧道火灾带来的损失和伤亡,依托青岛市地铁8号线大洋站至青岛北站区间隧道,建立线性比尺为1∶15的隧道通风排烟模型实验系统,针对通风机串联单抽,围绕3种通风机频率匹配组合,测定单机的变频频率值、电功消耗、排烟道与行车道的断面平均风速以及右侧行车道静压。研究结果表明：在相同功率消耗下,不同频率匹配的串联通风机排烟效果存在差异;针对此差异,利用气体挡烟墙性能及其计算欧拉数值比较发现,风井近端的通风机频率较大时,下游对污染气流的抵抗力更强,拥有更好的排烟效果。研究结果可为隧道火灾提供更有效率的防灾救灾数据支持,并从欧拉数方面为研究隧道临界风速提供新角度。     

密相塔烟气脱硫技术试验研究

建立了密相塔烟气脱硫试验装置,并对烧结烟气进行了脱硫试验研究,验证了该工艺的可行性,并研究了主要因素对脱硫效率的影响.结果表明,钙硫比和近绝热饱和温度(approach to adiabatic saturation temperature,AAST)是影响脱硫效率的显著因素,循环灰浓度是保证系统脱硫效率的关键因素.在Ca/S比为1.2、密相塔出口烟气AAST=15℃、循环灰浓度为400g/m3条件下,系统能连续稳定运行,脱硫效率达92.5%以上,系统出口烟气中SO2浓度在150 mg/Nm3以下.     

Experimental Study of the Criteria of Flow Laminarization in Two-Dimensional Dense Gas Plumes

Laminarization of flow in a two-dimensional dense gas plume was experimentally investigated in this study. The plume was created by releasing CO₂ through a ground-level line source into a simulated turbulent boundary layer over an aerodynamically rough surface in a meteorological wind tunnel. The bulk Richardson number (Ri_*), based on negative plume buoyancy, plume thickness, and friction velocity, was varied over a wide range so that the effects of stable stratification on plume laminarization could be observed. A variety of ambient wind speeds as well as three different sizes of roughness arrays were used so that possible effects of roughness Reynolds number (Re_*) on plume laminarization could also be identified. Both flow visualization methods and quantitative measurements of velocity and intermittency of turbulence were used to provide quantitative assessments of plume laminarization.Flow visualization provided an overall picture of how the plume was affected by the negative buoyancy. With increasing Ri_*, both the plume depth and the vertical mixing were significantly suppressed, while upstream propagation of the plume from the source was enhanced. The most important feature of the flow revealed by visualization was the laminarization of flow in the lower part of the plume, which appeared to be closely related to both Ri_* and Re_*.Measurements within the simulated dense gas plumes revealed the influence of the stable stratification on mean velocity and turbulence intensity profiles. Both the mean velocity and turbulence intensity were significantly reduced near the surface; and these reductions systematically depended on Ri_*. The roughness Reynolds number also had considerable influence on the mean flow and turbulence structure of the dense gas plumes.An intermittency analysis technique was developed and applied to the digitized instantaneous velocity signals. It not only confirmed the general flow picture within the dense plume indicated by the flow visualization, but also clearly demonstrated the changes of flow regime with variations in Ri_* and Re_*. Most importantly, based on this intermittency analysis, simple criteria for characterizing different flow regimes are formulated; these may be useful in predicting when plume laminarization might occur.