Fe~(3+)对不同进水氮磷比藻塘水质净化效果研究

铁是动植物进行生命活动不可缺少的元素。在藻塘内,铁能够影响藻细胞生长与繁殖,影响水质净化效果。通过研究不同浓度Fe3+对小球藻生长影响,并设定进水C/N和N/P,确定适宜Fe3+对藻塘出水理化性质及其污染物去除的影响。结果表明:当c(Fe3+)为10 000 nmol/L时,藻细胞质量增加约25%。适宜浓度Fe3+可调节藻塘水体DO、p H及ORP,提高净化效果。Fe3+利用率与COD、TN和TP去除率呈线性正相关,且随进水N/P的提高而增高。当ρ(N)/ρ(P)为50,ρ(C)/ρ(N)=5时,加铁藻塘COD、TN、TP去除率分别为45.34%、77.14%、43.11%,与未加铁藻塘相比,去除率分别提高约3,5.47,9.64个百分点。因此,铁可以促进藻类的生长,当藻塘进水ρ(C)∶ρ(N)∶ρ(P)∶ρ(Fe)为250∶50∶5∶1时,可降低污染物浓度,提高去除效果。     

小头蓼(P.Microcephalum)对矿区铜的吸收积累研究

调查并分析云南省铜矿区的植物区系及土壤理化特性，发现小头蓼（P.Microcephalum）在云南省高海拔铜矿区生长旺盛，是该地区的优势植物种，小头蓼生长的土壤基质富含铜，其它养分条件适中，研究表明小头蓼具有较强的富集铜的能力；随土壤中铜含量的增加，植物根系铜含量也相应增加，但叶部铜含量变人与土壤铜含量之间无相关性，研究认为该植物具有对铜污染土壤的植物固定潜能。此外，还指出最适于小头蓼富集铜的土壤条件为土壤有机质1％－1.5％，土壤pH为中性。     

磷对赤潮生物塔马亚历山大藻的增殖效应

在室内培养条件下，用不同浓度的磷酸盐对塔马亚历山大藻进行了一次性培养，探讨藻体对磷酸的利用和溶生无机磷对藻细胞生长的影响。结果表明：在Ｐ浓度为４．０和４．５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，藻细胞生长快，叶绿素含量高，能维持较高速度的增。而在高Ｐ浓度（５．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ下，灌细胞生长受抑制，当Ｐ源耗尽时，藻体逐渐消讯。     

Rhizosphere effect of different aquatic plants on phosphorus depletion

A series of pot experiments with Alternanthera philoxeroides, Typha latifolia, Sagittaria sagittifolia and Phragmites communis were conducted to assess the phosphorus depletion effect in the rhizosphere. The ratio of root to shoot, root morphology, phosphorus uptake efficiency and phosphorus utilization efficiency were analyzed. An obvious variation in phosphorus concentrations between the rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil was observed. The water-soluble P contents in the rhizosphere soil of A. philoxeroides, T. latifolia, S. sagittifolia and P. communis were reduced by 81%, 42%, 18% and 16%, respectively, compared with that in the non-rhizosphere soil. A. philoxeroides had the highest phosphorus uptake efficiency (1.32 mg/m), while T. latifolia achieved the effective phosphorus depletion by the strong rooting system and the high phosphorus uptake efficiency (0.52 mg/m). T. latifolia not only used phosphorus to produce biomass economically, but also adjusted carbon allocation to the roots to explore the soil for more available phosphorus. A. philoxeroides and T. latifolia were more effective in depleting phosphorus in the rhizosphere than S. sagittifolia and P. communis.     

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) micropollutant herbicide removing from water using granular and powdered activated carbons: a comparison applied for water treatment and health safety

Abstract

Activated carbons are well-known porous materials as an effective adsorbent used for the removal of emerging contaminants, such as herbicides, which are increasingly present in water bodies. Most water treatment plants, specially in Brazil, are unable to completely remove such contaminants by the conventional process and advanced treatment using activated carbons is required. The aim of this paper was to verify the influence of the activated carbons granulometry and specific surface area on the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide removal efficiency using distilled-deionized water and filtered water collected from a conventional Water Treatment Plant. Commercial activated carbons samples used in this work were obtained from two different manufacturers. Activated carbons were analyzed by the specific surface area, pore size and volume distribution, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and x-ray spectroscopy, moisture, volatile matter and ash contents. Batch adsorption isotherms experiments were used and performed by Langmuir and Freundlich models. Granular and powdered activated carbons removed over 99% of 2,4-D in distilled water and near to 99% using filtered water. The activated carbons evaluated in this work presented high performance and played a key role in water treatment by removing 2,4-D herbicide, ensuring the protection of human health and the ecosystem.     

程海微囊藻毒素的结构分析

从中国云南程海湖获得的“水华”藻类样品中分离得到具有肝毒性的微囊藻毒素，用ＮＭＲ，ＭＳ等多种结构分析手段鉴定，证明主毒素是一种环状七肽，含有Ａｄｄａ，β－Ｍａｓｐ，Ｍｄｈａ和Ｇｌｕ各一分子以及２个Ａｒｇ残基。相对分子质量１０３８即为Ｍｉｃｒｏｃｙｓｔｉｎ－ＲＲ。进一步利用二维核磁共振技术测定发现此毒素有两部分，它们是同分异构体，区别仅在于Ａｄｄａ上的２个双键的构型差异。     

磷化铝生产废气的治理

论述了磷化铝生产废气的治理工艺、吸收剂选择及填料塔主要设计参数。水、液碱均可以作为吸收剂。以水为吸收剂,塔底出液pH<1时可用石灰乳中和后循环使用;当液碱作为吸收剂时P2O5被NaOH溶液吸收,当循环液中磷酸盐浓度较高时,可用来制作混合肥。     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobia, available soil P and nodulation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in Zimbabwe

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization and nodulation of groundnut were examined in nine soils collected from subsistence farmers’ fields in Zimbabwe. Nodule number, shoot dry weight, shoot N and P contents, and AMF colonization were assessed after 6 weeks growth. Both nodule number and AMF colonization differed by an order of magnitude among the nine soils. Soil available P explained almost all the variability in nodule number (r² = 0.98), but had no significant effect on percent AMF colonization. By adding P to one soil, nodule numbers increased four-fold resulting in a significantly higher N content in the shoots. Similar, but smaller, effects were obtained by increasing the abundance of AMF through an inoculation with Glomus intraradices, suggesting that nodulation in this soil was limited by AMF abundance and that the fungi could, to a limited extent, substitute for P fertilizer.     

关于沥青厂二级气浮后污水处理的探讨

应用Ｐ．Ｆ．Ｓ和助剂的化学沉降法处理沥青厂二级气浮后的污水，处理后污水不仅达到排放标准，还可作工业冷却水用、实现污水闭路循环。     

新农药单甲脒对棉花的生态生理影响

两年的研究结果表明：单甲脒推荐浓度－稀释１０００倍对棉花的生理机能有些促进作用，其水分利用效率正常；其他处理浓度对光合速率也无不良影响，对气孔开度、蒸腾速率仅在施药初期略有抑制，半衰期后抑制消失，稀释５００倍以下各处理水分利用效率受到不同程度的抑制。单甲脒在棉叶残留量最多，伴随着叶片的Ｎ、Ｐ含量也略增加，可认为适量的施用单甲脒不仅能防治虫害、且能促进棉花的光合速率从而提高了干物质生产。