南黄海鳀鱼产卵场大型底栖生物次级生产力研究

根据2001至2003年南黄海鳀鱼产卵期在鳀鱼产卵场33个站考察采集的大型底栖生物定量样品资料,利用Brey's(1990)的经验公式对调查海区进行了大型底栖生物栖息密度、生物量、次级生产力和P/B值的研究计算.结果表明,该海域大型底栖生物平均栖息密度为194.3 ind.m-2,平均生物量以去灰干重计,为4.08 g m-2,平均次级生产力以去灰干重计,为4.09 g m-2a-1.研究表明,生物量和次级生产力受水深的影响.平均P/B值在研究海域为1.32a-1.对研究结果与整个南黄海、渤海和东海的结果进行了比较与讨论,证明生产力随水深的加大而降低,P/B值随水温升高而升高.图2表1参25     

杭州城市及其边缘区湿地磷化学特征的研究

对杭州城市及其边缘区湿地土壤的磷形态组成、固磷能力和释放潜力等方面进行了初步的研究。结果表明,杭州城市及边缘地区的湿地由于受人类影响的不同及所处环境的差异,性质已有很大的分异。城区的西湖、水塘和河流底泥中磷的积累、磷的饱和度和零吸附磷平衡浓度均明显高于城市边缘地区的湿地;湿地土壤中的磷主要呈不稳定、或亚稳定态,可提取态磷约占总磷的80%,62%的湿地土壤磷饱和度在25%以上。最大磷吸附量的大小主要与湿地中无定形氧化铁、铝含量有关。零吸附时磷的浓度(EPC)较高,在0.10~2.48mg·L-1之间,具有较强的释放潜力。半透膜渗析法测得的磷释放量与磷积累呈正相关,但当磷饱和度超过25%时,其磷释放量显著增加。研究表明杭州市及其边缘区湿地土壤磷已普遍达到较高水平,这在一定程度上影响磷净化功能的正常发挥。     

臭氧与TiO2/UV协同降解对氯苯酚

利用O3／UV、TiO2／UV和O3／TiO2／UV降解对氯苯酚表明，臭氧与TiO2／UV具有明显的协同作用，如在本实验条件下降解5min后，上述3者对对氯苯酚的去除率分别为55％、10％和77%。O3／TiO2／UV协同作用的本质是由于臭氧能带走二氧化钛光致电子空穴对中的电子，从而产生了更多的羟基自由基，加速了有机物的降解。     

Induced alkoxyresorufin-O-dealkylases in tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) from Guandu river, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The activity of fish monooxygenases has been extensively used as a monitoring tool to detect contamination of water bodies by cytochrome P450-inducing agents. In this study we evaluated the activities of ethoxy- (EROD), methoxy- (MROD) and pentoxy- (PROD) resorufin-O-dealkylases in the liver of Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) collected at the Guandu river, at a reference clean site (Lake 1) and at two other sampling sites (Lakes 2 and 3) in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Alkoxyresorufin-O-dealkylases were measured fluorimetrically in the hepatic S9 fraction. EROD (17.7-fold), MROD (14.2-fold) as well as PROD activities were considerably higher in tilapias from Guandu river. A moderate increase of EROD (5.0-fold) and MROD (5.4-fold) was also found in tilapias from Lake 3. These findings suggest that Guandu river watershed, the main source of urban drinking water supply in Rio de Janeiro, is polluted with CYP1A-inducing xenobiotics. Furthermore, we also found a good linear relationship between EROD and MROD, a finding that agrees with the hypothesis that the two reactions are catalysed by the same CYP1A isoform in O. niloticus.     

Degradation of Benzo[a]Pyrene in Soil with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Alfalfa

Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was grown in pots containing soil artificially contaminated with various levels of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)(0, 1, 10 and 100 mg kg^–1). Soil and plants were sampled after 30, 40, 50, 60 and 90 days and compared with unlanted pots. The percentage of mycorrhizal root length colonized by Glomus caledoniun was not significantly affected by the addition of B[a]P up to 10 mg kg^–1 but was significantly lower at 100 mg kg^–1B[a]P compared with low concentrations (p < 0.05). There was no difference in soil polyphenol oxidase and dehydrogenase activity among the controls and applications of 1 and 10 mg kg^–1 of B[a]P. However, enzyme activities were significantly higher at 100 mg kg^–1B[a]P compared with the other three treatments, and there was no mycorrhizal effect. Over a period of 90 days the concentration of B[a]P in soil in which alfalfa was grown was significantly lower than in unplanted soil (p < 0.05). Degradation rates of B[a]P added at 1, 10 and 100 mg kg^–1 without G. caledonium were 76, 78 and 53%, and with mycorrhizal inoculation were 86, 87 and 57%. The degradation rate in unplanted soil was significantly lower than in planted soil, and was significantly higher in medium- and low-B[a]P treatments than in the high B[a]P concentration tested. There is a possibility of enhancement phytoremediation of PAHs in rhizosphere soil with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.     

光(温)敏核不育水稻生态及生理生化研究概述

本文介绍了光、温敏核不育水稻在生态及生理生化方面取得的主要成就.着重概述了光、温敏核不育水稻雄性育性转换的光温生态条件,育性转换过程中蛋白质、氨基酸、酶活性、ATP及内源植物激素持续变化.另外,对光、温敏不育水稻研究存在的问题进行了分析.     

富营养化水体中藻类生长限制因素的确定及其应用

在富化营养化的巢湖，围隔实验结果表明磷和其它营养元素不是水体藻类的生长限制因素、藻类生长的正磷酸盐阈值浓度为０．０１９ｍｇ／ｌ，它低于巢湖实际浓度。湖水的矿物性浊度很高，净生产力在一米水深以下呈现负值，数据表明学强在大数时间是藻类生长的限制因素。在巢湖治理过程中，需大幅降低流域内的磷负荷，使湖水平均溶解态总磷浓度从目前的０．０４９ｍｌ／ｌ降到０．０１９ｍｇ／ｌ以下。因此巢湖在治理和恢复是一个缓慢的     

用~(32)P后标记法检测贝类鳃中的DNA加合物

建立了用~（３２）Ｐ后标记技术检测ＤＮＡ加合物的方法，研究了不同水质海湾的贝类鳃中ＤＮＡ加合物水平同时测定了除鳃外贝的其他软组织中多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）的含量．结果表明，软组织中ＰＡＨｓ含量低的贝其鳃中加合物水平比ＰＡＨｓ含量高的贝的加合物水平低，即ＤＮＡ加合物水平与贝组织中ＰＡＨｓ含量有关．     

AZ31变形镁合金挤压成形工艺的研究

选择AZ31变形镁合金,设计了实心棒材、矩形和圆形截面薄壁空心型材试样,对坯料加热、模具预热、润滑剂、挤压比、挤压速度及挤压力等工艺问题与工艺参数,进行了系统的试验研究,总结了成形规律和确定工艺参数的方法,对生产应用将起到重要的参考作用。     

改性膨润土对杭州西湖沉积物各形态磷的吸附性能

通过盐酸、碳酸钠、高温焙烧及复合改性等多种改性方法对膨润土进行改性,并借助扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪及X射线衍射仪等仪器对其进行表征,探讨最佳的改性方法.结果表明,10%碳酸钠+450℃高温焙烧复合改性膨润土(Modified bentonite,MB)为最佳改性用土.对比改性前后膨润土颗粒对沉积物各形态磷吸附性能,发现MB颗粒对沉积物磷吸附性能优于膨润土原土(raw bentonite,RB)颗粒.在最佳动态吸附条件下,RB对沉积物TP、OP、IP、Fe/Al-P和Ca-P的吸附率分别为32.5%、25.4%、52.6%、34.6%和12.4%;MB对沉积物TP、OP、IP、Fe/Al-P和Ca-P的吸附率分别为35.5%、29.1%、54.5%、44.6%和10.7%.静态吸附实验结果表明:RB颗粒和MB颗粒在静态吸附时间为28 d时,对沉积物TP的吸附量分别为828.2 mg·kg~(-1)和977.2 mg·kg~(-1),相应的吸附率分别为58.2%和68.6%.MB对沉积物磷的吸附性能较好,可进一步用于富营养化湖泊沉积物磷控制.