道路交通中苯并(a)芘的高效液相色谱快速测定

用超细玻璃纤维滤膜采集杭州市某道路上机动车排放的苯并（ａ）芘,经超声萃取,高速离心后直接进ＨＰＬＣ分析。在选定的色谱条件下,苯并（ａ）芘与其他多环芳烃完全分离,绝对进样量在０．８～０．０２ ｎｇ时线性良好,相关系数为０．９９９７９,最小检出量０．８ ｐｇ,加标回收率８７．５％～９３．８％。     

Source Apportionment Of Groundwater Pollution Around Landfill Site In Nagpur, India

The present work attempts statistical analysis of groundwater quality near a Landfill site in Nagpur, India. The objective of the present work is to figure out the impact of different factors on the quality of groundwater in the study area. Statistical analysis of the data has been attempted by applying Factor Analysis concept. The analysis brings out the effect of five different factors governing the groundwater quality in the study area. Based on the contribution of the different parameters present in the extracted factors, the latter are linked to the geological setting, the leaching from the host rock, leachate of heavy metals from the landfill as well as the bacterial contamination from landfill site and other anthropogenic activities. The analysis brings out the vulnerability of the unconfined aquifer to contamination.     

佛山市臭氧浓度时间变化特征及主要影响因子

对佛山市2011—2014年O_3监测数据进行分析,结果表明,ρ(O_3)日变化呈现明显的单峰特征,2011—2014年O_3日最大8小时滑动均值(O3-8 h)的年评价值没有出现显著的下降趋势,超标值多出现在8—10月。夏季O3-8 h与日平均气温的相关系数较高,O_3污染多发生在气温30℃,相对湿度为50%~70%的气象条件下。相对湿度60%,气温为20~25℃,也可能出现O3污染。10℃时,不同的温度条件下,O_3与PM_(2.5)存在正相关关系。在不同的季节时段,O_3-8 h基本随着ρ(NO_2)/ρ(NO)增大而增大。     

青岛市采暖期PM2．5与大气能见度的关系

利用青岛市大气综合观测站的研究性监测数据,分析了2011年采暖期PM2.5和能见度的相关性,结果表明：①能见度在≤3km时,对应的PM2.5浓度超出0．250mg／m^3,属于严重污染;②PM2.5浓度对能见度的影响存在一临界区域,当PM2.5浓度低于该临界区时能见度会随PM2.5浓度减少迅速改善,临界值大致位于PM2.5浓度为0．100mg／m^3处;③相对湿度小于85％时,能见度与PM2.5浓度呈显著负相关。其中,相对湿度在60％-70％时,能见度与PM2.5浓度之间的相关性最好,PM2.5对能见度的影响最直接。     

玄武湖蓝藻水华成因探讨

为了解南京玄武湖蓝藻水华的成因,对玄武湖长期监测资料进行了分析和现场调查。结果表明,玄武湖鲢鳙急剧减少中断了正常的食物链,使浮游植物的牧食压力降低,在东南湖回水的诱因作用下,发生了以微囊藻为优势种群的蓝藻水华。指出,玄武湖蓝藻水华的发生进程表明,东南湖回水可能是蓝藻水华发生的诱因,生态失衡是蓝藻水华发生的主要原因,蓝藻水华的暴发与富营养化程度无显著相关性,其暴发加重了玄武湖富营养化程度。     

公众态度和机构监督对大气污染的影响

虽然以往对于环境库兹涅兹曲线（EKC）的研究中考虑了正式制度因素如政府机构监督,但是较少考虑非正式制度因素.本文重点检验两种制度情境的影响,微观层面的环境态度形成的非正式制度以及宏观层面的环保机构监督形成的正式制度对大气污染排放量的影响.基于CGSS2010-2013和2015年的数据库,从中提取出体现环境态度的问题,将其赋值指标化后,作为制度情境纳入环境方程.经过公开数据的收集,得到我国26个省份2010-2014年5年的面板数据.通过固定效应和随机效应模型,发现机构监督与人均GDP的交互项对氮氧化物、烟（粉）尘、二氧化硫排放都有影响,但是公众态度与人均GDP的交互项只对烟（粉）尘排放有影响,从而对不同制度情境下的环境库兹涅兹曲线进行了探索.     

国外二噁污染及有关标准

文章论述了二的化学成分及主要来源 ;二的毒性 ;日本、美国、德国等国二恶英污染状况及各国制定的标准     

Conservation implications of anthropogenic impacts on visual communication and camouflage

Anthropogenic environmental impacts can disrupt the sensory environment of animals and affect important processes from mate choice to predator avoidance. Currently, these effects are best understood for auditory and chemosensory modalities, and recent reviews highlight their importance for conservation. We examined how anthropogenic changes to the visual environment (ambient light, transmission, and backgrounds) affect visual communication and camouflage and considered the implications of these effects for conservation. Human changes to the visual environment can increase predation risk by affecting camouflage effectiveness, lead to maladaptive patterns of mate choice, and disrupt mutualistic interactions between pollinators and plants. Implications for conservation are particularly evident for disrupted camouflage due to its tight links with survival. The conservation importance of impaired visual communication is less documented. The effects of anthropogenic changes on visual communication and camouflage may be severe when they affect critical processes such as pollination or species recognition. However, when impaired mate choice does not lead to hybridization, the conservation consequences are less clear. We suggest that the demographic effects of human impacts on visual communication and camouflage will be particularly strong when human‐induced modifications to the visual environment are evolutionarily novel (i.e., very different from natural variation); affected species and populations have low levels of intraspecific (genotypic and phenotypic) variation and behavioral, sensory, or physiological plasticity; and the processes affected are directly related to survival (camouflage), species recognition, or number of offspring produced, rather than offspring quality or attractiveness. Our findings suggest that anthropogenic effects on the visual environment may be of similar importance relative to conservation as anthropogenic effects on other sensory modalities.     

Comprehensive and high-resolution emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants for the northernmost cities agglomeration of Harbin-Changchun, China: Implications for local atmospheric environment management

Using a bottom-up estimation method, a comprehensive, high-resolution emission inventory of gaseous and particulate atmospheric pollutants for multiple anthropogenic sectors with typical local sources has been developed for the Harbin-Changchun city agglomeration (HCA). The annual emissions for CO, NOx, SO₂, NH₃, VOC_S, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, BC and OC during 2017 in the HCA were estimated to be 5.82 Tg, 0.70 Tg, 0.34 Tg, 0.75 Tg, 0.81Tg, 0.67 Tg, 1.59 Tg, 0.12 Tg and 0.26 Tg, respectively. For PM₁₀ and SO₂, the emissions from industry processes were the dominant contributors representing 54.7% and 49.5%, respectively, of the total emissions, while 95.3% and 44.5% of the total NH₃ and NOx emissions, respectively, were from or associated with agricultural activities and transportation. Spatiotemporal distributions showed that most emissions (except NH₃) occurred in November to March and were concentrated in the central cities of Changchun and Harbin and the surrounding cities. Open burning of straw made an important contribution to PM_2.5 in the central regions of the northeastern plain during autumn and spring, while domestic coal combustion for heating purposes was significant with respect to SO₂ and PM_2.5 emissions during autumn and winter. Furthermore, based on Principal Component Analysis and Multivariable Linear Regression model, air temperature, relative humidity, electricity and energy consumption, and the urban and rural population were optimized to be representative indicators for rapidly assessing the magnitude of regional atmospheric pollutants in the HCA. Such indicators and equations were demonstrated to be useful for local atmospheric environment management.     

迎难而上大力推进新疆污染减排工作

在深刻论述新疆地区近年来开展节能减排和总量控制工作情况的基础上,针对我区污染物总量控制工作所面临的形势和问题进行了认真总结,并结合我区今后经济发展要求,为确保完成“十一五”总量控制目标,认真做好“十二五”总量控制工作,提出了加强污染源监督管理、完善考核制度、推进大集团战略及提高环境准入条件等8个方面的对策和建议。