Cadmium,zinc, copper and Metallothionein in human tissues (liver and kidney)∗

It was proved by in vitro and animal experiments, that the toxicokinetics (resorption, distribution, deposition and excretion) and, in connection with this, also the toxicity of the metals Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) is closely associated to the low molecular weight protein Metallothionein (Mt). There is a considerable lack of information on the Mt concentration in human tissues and its correlation to Cd, Cu and Zn. Therefore the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn and Mt were determined quantitatively in liver and kidney samples of 184 deceased. The dependence of these concentrations from each other and from further parameters, i.e. age, sex, drinking and smoking habits, or diseases of the organs, is studied. Scalar values (concentrations, age) were compared by Spearman rank correlations. The influence of non‐scalar factors (i.e. sex, diseases etc.) was proved by comparison of the geometric means of the Cd, Cu, Zn and Mt concentrations in the tissues of the corresponding subgroups. The manner of influence of the main factors will be discussed.     

Levels of Selected Metals in Canned Fish Consumed in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

In the present paper, seven heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr and Fe) in canned salmon, sardine and tuna fish were determined by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Cadmium and lead levels were determined by graphite tube AAS whereas Ni, Cu, Cr and Fe were determined by flame AAS. Analytical results were validated by spiking the samples with various concentrations of these metals for recovery. The metal contents, expressed in μg/g, wet weight, varied depending upon the specie studied. The levels of Pb ranged from 0.03–1.20 μg-g⁻¹ with an average of 0.313 μg-g⁻¹ for salmon; 0.03–0.51 μg-g⁻¹ with an average of 0.233 μg-g⁻¹ for tuna and 0.13–1.97 μg-g⁻¹ with an average of 0.835 μg-g⁻¹ for sardines. The levels of Cd ranged from 0.02–0.38 μg-g⁻¹ with an average of 0.161 μg-g⁻¹ for salmon; 0.07–0.64 μg-g⁻¹ with an average of 0.227 μg-g⁻¹ for tuna and 0.010–0.690 μg-g⁻¹ with an average of 0.183 μg-g⁻¹ for sardines. Comparative evaluation of these metals in three varieties of fish showed that average concentration of lead in sardines is about 4 times and Ni about 3 times higher as compared to tuna. Generally, the levels of these metals follow the order sardine > salmon > tuna. The data generated in the present study compared well with the similar studies carried out in different parts of the world. The results indicate that canned fish, in general and tuna in particular, have concentrations within permissible limits of WHO/FAO levels for these heavy metals. Therefore, their contribution to the total body burden of these metals can be considered as negligibly small.     

火焰原子吸收法测定饮用水中银的改进

对火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定饮用水中银的方法作了改进。试验发现在酸性条件下,不利于银的测定,改加氨水氰化钾溶液则取得满意的结果,提高了测定灵敏度。银的特征质量浓度为0 016mg·L-1/1%吸收,检测限为0 001mg/L,相对标准差<2.5%,加标回收率在98%～103%之间。     

等离子体发射光谱法等三种方法测定马铃薯中镉

采用IRISER/SDuoICP测定马铃薯中的镉元素含量,并与火焰原子吸收法和石墨炉原子吸收法的测定作一比较,3种方法的检测限分别为0 001mg/L、0 004mg/L和0 25ng/L,加标回收率均在95%～102%范围内,相对标准差<10%。     

纵向塞曼恒温平台石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤,底质中镉和砷

为准确测定土壤中低含量元素镉和砷，研究了集恒温平台石墨炉（ＳＴＰＦ）一体的纵向塞曼效应背景校正，最大功率升温，钯作基体改进剂和吸收峰面积积分的最新分析方法。方法测定结果，镉和砷的检测限（３σ）分别为３５×１０－１３ｇ和５４×１０－１１ｇ；相对标准差（ｎ＝６）分别为４１％～５２％和２６％～４５％；回收率分别为８６５％～１０９％和９１２％～１０５％     

两种原子吸收法测定环境水样中镍的比较

用加热浓缩-火焰原子吸收光谱法和石墨炉-原子吸收光谱法对环境水样中的镍进行了比较测定,结果表明,两种方法测定镍的各项指标均在要求范围,两种方法测定结果的相对误差均＜7.1%,表明两种方法可以视为等效方法,作用可以相互替补使用.     

在线富集流动注射-火焰原子吸收法中样品空白值的测定

提出了在线富集-FAAS法中样品空白值测定的方法,讨论了不正确的样品空白值对测定结果准确度的影响.     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定环境水样中铊

对石墨炉原子吸收法测定水中铊的分析条件进行优化,并比较不同前处理方法对测定结果的影响。结果表明仪器的最佳分析条件为:灰化温度和原子化温度分别为700和1 600℃,进样量为40μL,基体改进剂为0.5%的钯与硝酸镁。直接进样、MIBK萃取法和铁沉淀富集3种前处理方法对应的检出限分别为0.76,0.07和0.02μg/L;分别测定5,0.5和0.1μg/L含铊水样,其相对标准偏差分别为4.2%,6.1%和8.4%,加标回收率分别为92%,91%和88%,即3种样品前处理方式下,石墨炉原子吸收法对环境水样中铊均具有较好的测定效果。直接进样法适用于铊浓度较高的水样,MIBK萃取法和铁沉淀法则适用于较清洁水样。     

Wild fire impact on copper, zinc, lead and cadmium distribution in soil and relation with abundance in selected plants of Lamiaceae family from Vidlic Mountain (Serbia)

Fire has been considered as an improving factor in soil quality, but only if it is controlled. Severe wild fire occurred in the summer 2007 on the Vidlic Mountain (Serbia) overspreading a huge area of meadows and forests.Main soil characteristics and content of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn) in different fractions obtained after sequential extraction of soil from post-fire areas and from fire non disturbed areas were studied. In four plant species of Lamiaceae family (Ajuga genevensis L., Lamium galeobdolon (L.) L., Teucrium chamaedrys L., Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench.), that grow in typical habitats of the mountain, distribution of heavy metals in aerial parts and roots was investigated too.For all samples from post-fire area cation exchange capacity and soil organic matter content are increased while rH is decreased. Fire caused slightly increased bioavailability of the observed metals but more significant rise happened in metal amounts bound to oxides and organics. The plants showed variable behavior. T. chamaedrys collected on the post-fire area contained elevated concentrations of all analyzed metals. A. alpinus showed higher phytoaccumulation for Zn and Cd, while the other two plant species for Pb and Cd in the post-fire areas.     

PT—C18色谱预柱流动注射在线富集原子吸收测定环境样品中的铅

本文采用ＰＴ－Ｃ１８色谱预处理柱，以８－羟基喹啉为螯合剂，流动注射在线分离富集与原子吸收联机，成功地测定了环境样品中的铅。１ｍｉｎ富集（４．２ｍｌ）的检出限为７．５μｇ１＾－１，相对标准偏差１．７％。